Learning and emotional responsivity in cocaine-exposed infants.

Alessandri, Steven M.; Sullivan, Margaret Wolan; Imaizumi, Sonia O.; Lewis, Michael

doi:10.1037/0012-1649.29.6.989

Cited by 84 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Specific deficits in a contingency learning task were also identified at 4 and 8 months in cocaine exposed human infants (Alessandri, Sullivan, Imaizumi, & Lewis, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Relationship of prenatal cocaine exposure and maternal postpartum psychological distress to child developmental outcome

et al. 1997

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Maternal cocaine use during pregnancy can affect the infant directly through toxic effects or indirectly through cocaine's influence on maternal psychological status. We followed 160 cocaine exposed and 56 nonexposed infants and their mothers identified at birth through interview and/or urine screen. Although cocaine exposure defined the groups, infant exposure to alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco was allowed to vary. Infants were 99% African American and poor. All mothers completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and infants were given the Bayley Scales of Mental (MDI) and Motor (PDI) Development at a mean corrected age of 17 ± 8 months. Both MDIs (94 ± 17 vs. 103 ± 16) and PDIs (101 ± 16 vs. 108 ± 12) were lower for cocaine exposed infants. Psychological distress was greater in cocaine using mothers. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess the relative effects of gestational age, maternal psychological distress, and cocaine and polydrug exposure on infant outcomes. Both psychological distress and cocaine and alcohol exposure predicted lower MDIs after controlling for prematurity. Neither psychological distress nor alcohol exposure predicted motor outcome, while cocaine had a significant effect. Tobacco and marijuana exposure were unrelated to outcome. These findings provide further support for direct effects of cocaine and alcohol on infant development, as well as highlight the need for studies to document maternal psychological factors, which may increase child risk for poorer outcomes.

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“…Specific deficits in a contingency learning task were also identified at 4 and 8 months in cocaine exposed human infants (Alessandri, Sullivan, Imaizumi, & Lewis, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Relationship of prenatal cocaine exposure and maternal postpartum psychological distress to child developmental outcome

et al. 1997

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“…However, if examinations of at-risk populations are included, the number of extant studies becomes relatively larger. For example, children who have been exposed prenatally to cocaine demonstrate deficits in basic emotion expression such as delayed or idiosyncratic expression (e.g., Alessandri & Lewis, 1996a;Alessandri, Sullivan, Imaizumi, & Lewis, 1993;Bendersky, Alessandri, & Lewis, 1996). Other research has suggested that infants of mothers with high levels of depressive symptoms exhibit a lot of negative emotions and fewer positive emotions during learning tasks (e.g., Lundy, Field, & Pickens, 1996;Pickens & Field, 1993).…”

Section: Emotion Expression: Psychopathological Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion regulation and understanding: implications for child psychopathology and therapy

Southam‐Gerow

Kendall

2002

Clinical Psychology Review

450

267

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This paper considers the role of emotion regulation (i.e., extrinsic and intrinsic monitoring and adjusting of emotion) and emotion understanding (i.e., comprehension of the signs of, causes of, and ways to regulate emotion) in childhood adjustment. Developmental and clinical research focused on emotion regulation and emotion understanding are reviewed with an emphasis on studies including psychopathological samples. The implications of emotion research for the study of child psychopathology and child therapy are examined. D

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“…Struthers and Hansen (1992) found impaired recognition memory among cocaine and amphetamineexposed infants. Alessandri, Sullivan, Imaizumi, and Lewis (1993) reported impaired contingency learning, deficits in arousal, and low levels of emotional responsivity in cocaineexposed infants. found that infants exposed to cocaine were more likely to fail to start the habituation procedure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive functioning in 8- to 18-month old drug-exposed infants.

Alessandri¹,

Bendersky²,

Lewis³

1998

Developmental Psychology

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This study examined the cognitive functioning in 236 infants at 8 and 18 months of age. Thirty-seven infants were heavily exposed to cocaine in-utero, 30 were lightly exposed, and 169 were not exposed to cocaine. Cognitive functioning was evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (2nd ed.; N. Bayley, 1993) at both ages. Infant information processing was also assessed with an infantcontrolled habituation procedure. Results indicated that (a) infants of cocaine-abusing women had higher neonatal medical and environmental risk scores; (b) at 8 months, exposure groups did not differ in Psychomotor Development Index, Mental Development Index (MDI) scores, or recovery to a novel stimulus; and (c) infants heavily exposed to cocaine or high environmental risk had a decrease in MDI scores from 8 to 18 months. These results were obtained when neonatal medical and environmental risk, as well as polydrug exposure, were controlled.In examining whether prenatal exposure to cocaine impairs later cognitive functioning, research on humans continues to provide equivocal results. The ambiguous nature of outcome findings is due to methodological problems typically associated with behavioral toxicology research. In studies in which researchers are attempting to find relations between prenatal cocaine and some aspect of postnatal development, researchers must contend with a host of methodological problems, including (a) the potential confounding effects of other substances of abuse and poor maternal health and nutrition, (b) sensitive and valid measurement of infant outcome behaviors, and (c) differential effects of the postnatal child-rearing environment (e.g.,

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Learning and emotional responsivity in cocaine-exposed infants.

Cited by 84 publications

References 53 publications

Relationship of prenatal cocaine exposure and maternal postpartum psychological distress to child developmental outcome

Relationship of prenatal cocaine exposure and maternal postpartum psychological distress to child developmental outcome

Emotion regulation and understanding: implications for child psychopathology and therapy

Cognitive functioning in 8- to 18-month old drug-exposed infants.

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