Learning Benefits of Self-Controlled Knowledge of Results in 10-Year-Old Children

Self-controlled knowledge of results: Age-related differences in motor learning, strategies, and error detection

“…Although recent research found a self-controlled KR schedule enhanced motor learning in children (Chiviacowsky et al, 2008), our results suggest these advantages do not extend to older adults. Data from the Self-Young group not only provides further support to the utility of self-controlled practice in younger adults but also adds to our theoretical understanding of self-controlled KR in two important ways.…”

“…The preference for feedback after good trials has been interpreted as a motivational factor during skill acquisition (Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2002) and the perception that less cognitive effort is required to reproduce a successful response compared to the cognitive effort required to update a motor plan for an unsuccessful response (Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2002, 2005Koehen, Dickinson, & Goodman, 2008). The benefits of self-control have been primarily demonstrated in younger adults (see Wulf, 2007 for a review) and more recently in 10 year old children (Chiviacowsky, Wulf, Laroque de Medeiros, Kaefer, & Tani, 2008). In contrast, the usefulness of self-controlled practice in older adults has received minimal attention in the motor learning literature and consequently remains inconclusive (Patterson, Sanli, & Adkin, 2008).…”

Perceived School Climate and Students’ Mental Health

“…The non-dominant hand was determined through asking the participants whether they write with their right or left hand (23). The tool used to measure the precision of throws was a shooting target fixed to the ground and consisting of 10 concentric circles with dimensions of 2 × 2 m. The center of the target was a circle with a radius of 10 centimeters and the other circles were placed with distances of 10 centimeters from each other.…”

Motor Skill Learning in Groups: Some Proposals for Applying Implicit Learning and Self-Controlled Feedback. [Aprendizaje de habilidades/destrezas motoras en grupos: Propuestas para la Aplicación de Aprendizaje Implícito, autocontrolado y retroalimentado].

“…Nevertheless, Chiviacowski, Laroque de Medeiros, Kaefer, and Tani (2008) found that 10-year-old children outperformed their yoked peers after self-controlled feedback (i.e., knowledge of results) when learning to toss a beanbag with the non-dominant arm towards a target with a blindfold. Ste-Marie, Vertes, Law and Rymal (2013) found similar advantages of self-controlled feedback in 11-year-olds learning progressively difficult trampoline skills, a task which is much more representative for physical education.…”