Learning Benefits of Using 2D Versus 3D Maps: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Experiment

Niedomysl, Thomas; Elldér, Erik; Larsson, Anders; Thelin, Mikael; Jansund, Bodil

doi:10.1080/00221341.2012.709876

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Niedomsyl et al [15] conducted a study on the learning benefits of using 2D versus 3D maps, and also concluded that each type of representation offers strengths and weaknesses depending on the purpose sought. Ultimately, they claimed that the current body of research on the overall usefulness of 3D maps versus 2D maps is inconclusive.…”

Section: Background: 2d Against 3d Representations Of the Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Students come into contact with 3D maps and landscape representations in numerous ways [15] and can visualize the relief through accessible popular applications such as Google Maps, which offers immense potential for the representation of landforms. Further, 3D technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) may support teaching, although this technology also presents some limitations for its implementation [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2D Cartography Training: Has the Time Come for a Paradigm Shift?

Carrera

Jaeger

Shipley

2018

IJGI

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2D maps with contour lines can be difficult for students to visualize in three-dimensions to interpret relief. Despite this challenge, teaching based on 2D contour lines is still used, which could generate frustration/motivation problems among students. Recently, strategies based on 3D technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) have proven to be motivating for students. Has the time come for a paradigm shift in the teaching of land interpretation/representation? The present paper shows the results of an experiment in which 41 engineering students of the subject Cartography performed an activity with 2D contour lines. The impact on students' motivation was compared with AR. In addition, data about efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction were assessed. Results showed that traditional 2D contour line activities were less motivating for students, compared to AR. However, students perceived that doing 2D exercises made them more competent than with AR, although they reported that the 2D exercises required more effort. In terms of participant's spatial reasoning acquisition, 2D strategies offered results similar to AR. Overall, these results suggest that 2D teaching methodologies are still effective and can be complemented by the use of innovative 3D visualization technologies.

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Section: Background: 2d Against 3d Representations Of the Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Cartography Training: Has the Time Come for a Paradigm Shift?

Carrera

Jaeger

Shipley

2018

IJGI

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“…studied differences of suitability of 2D and 3D maps for planning mountain hikes. Niedomysl et al (2013) compared static maps (2D and 3D) in terms of their use in a geographic education process. Rautenbach et al (2014) evaluated and compared 2D maps, 3D non-photorealistic landscapes and 3D realistic city models for urban planning.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of User Performance With Interactive and Static 3d Visualization – Pilot Study

Heřman

Stachoň

2016

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ThS16: Perceptual and cognitive experiments with imagery and 3D models KEY WORDS: 3D visualization, exploratory study, interactive visualization, perspective view, usability, user performance. ABSTRACT:Interactive 3D visualizations of spatial data are currently available and popular through various applications such as Google Earth, ArcScene, etc. Several scientific studies have focused on user performance with 3D visualization, but static perspective views are used as stimuli in most of the studies. The main objective of this paper is to try to identify potential differences in user performance with static perspective views and interactive visualizations. This research is an exploratory study. An experiment was designed as a between-subject study and a customized testing tool based on open web technologies was used for the experiment. The testing set consists of an initial questionnaire, a training task and four experimental tasks. Selection of the highest point and determination of visibility from the top of a mountain were used as the experimental tasks. Speed and accuracy of each task performance of participants were recorded. The movement and actions in the virtual environment were also recorded within the interactive variant. The results show that participants deal with the tasks faster when using static visualization. The average error rate was also higher in the static variant. The findings from this pilot study will be used for further testing, especially for formulating of hypotheses and designing of subsequent experiments.

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“…Mapping techniques currently used in landscape and seascape ecology utilize the two-dimensional (2D) aspect because this is simpler to generate and requires less data than ones having a three-dimensional (3D) aspect. The creation of 3D maps is, however, very widespread in terrestrial environmental studies, especially in programs that have an educational or informative aim (Niedomysl et al, 2013;Schobesberger and Patterson, 2008). Besides the advantages and inconvenience of visual interpretations (Popelka and Brychtova, 2013), 3D maps provide different results compared to the 2D ones according to the topography of the site studied.…”

Section: Data Acquisition and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seascape ecology in Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows: Linking structure and ecological processes for management

Abadie

Pace

Gobert

et al. 2018

Ecological Indicators

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A B S T R A C TSeagrass meadows constitute marine habitats in shallow water temperate and tropical coastal areas worldwide that have a high ecological and economic importance. Amongst the 60 or so seagrass species, the endemic Mediterranean species Posidonia oceanica forms meadows that are arguably the most important shallow water coastal habitat in the region but which are subjected to high anthropogenic pressures. Because of the relatively large size of the plant, the meadows formed by this seagrass have high architectural and morphological complexity, which results in different morphotypes or seascapes. While numerous studies of P. oceanica architectural characteristics for continuous meadows of the seagrass are available, few works have addressed seascape ecological features and the influence of environmental factors (natural and anthropogenic) thereon. In the present review, we give an overview of P. oceanica meadow architectural and morphological characteristics and how these contribute to Mediterranean landscapes and seascapes. Studies addressing the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on morphometric features of different meadow types and landscape ecological characteristics of P. oceanica habitat are also reviewed, as well as their influence on ecosystem processes. Finally, by considering the available data and tools for seascape studies, we present a discussion on methods to assess seagrass seascapes within the framework of coastal management. Our review highlights several gaps in P. oceanica seascape ecology knowledge such as the lack of data on the spatial distribution of this engineer species, and the possibility to use modern techniques and procedures for analysing structural and ecosystemic data.

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Learning Benefits of Using 2D Versus 3D Maps: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Experiment

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

2D Cartography Training: Has the Time Come for a Paradigm Shift?

2D Cartography Training: Has the Time Come for a Paradigm Shift?

Comparison of User Performance With Interactive and Static 3d Visualization – Pilot Study

Seascape ecology in Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows: Linking structure and ecological processes for management

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