Learning classical readout quantum PUFs based on single-qubit gates

Pirnay, Niklas; Pappa, Anna; Seifert, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1007/s42484-022-00073-1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…QPUFs [26][27][28] are hardware devices characterized by intrinsic randomness, rendering them unique and unclonable. They can be viewed as black boxes where the assumption of uniqueness stems from the idea that unpredictable manufacturing variations create devices whose behavior is easier to replicate through querying and collecting challenge-response (input-output) pairs rather than understanding the underlying variations, which might require destructive methods.…”

Section: Qpufmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal depth and a novel approach to variational unitary quantum process tomography

Galetsky,

Julià Farré,

Ghosh

et al. 2024

New J. Phys.

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In this work, we present two new methods for Variational Quantum Circuit (VQC) Process Tomography onto \(n\) qubits systems: unitary Process Tomography based on Variational Quantum Circuits (PT\_VQC) and Unitary evolution-based Variational Quantum Singular Value Decomposition (U-VQSVD). Compared to the state of the art, PT\_VQC halves in each run the required amount of qubits for unitary process tomography and decreases the required state initializations from \(4^{n}\) to just \(2^{n}\), all while ensuring high-fidelity reconstruction of the targeted unitary channel \(U\). It is worth noting that, for a fixed reconstruction accuracy, PT\_VQC achieves faster convergence per iteration step compared to Quantum Deep Neural Network (QDNN) and tensor network schemes.The novel U-VQSVD algorithm utilizes variational singular value decomposition to extract eigenvectors (up to a global phase) and their associated eigenvalues from an unknown unitary representing a universal channel. We assess the performance of U-VQSVD by executing an attack on a non-unitary channel Quantum Physical Unclonable Function (QPUF). By using U-VQSVD we outperform an uninformed impersonation attack (using randomly generated input states) by a factor of 2 to 5, depending on the qubit dimension.For the two presented methods, we propose a new approach to calculate the complexity of the displayed VQC, based on what we denote as optimal depth.

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Section: Qpufmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal depth and a novel approach to variational unitary quantum process tomography

Galetsky,

Julià Farré,

Ghosh

et al. 2024

New J. Phys.

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“…Readers could also refer to [10] for a theoretical treatment of the topic. Furthermore, Pirnay et al [11] extend the idea in [9] to have multiple cycles of rotation gates instead of a single cycle, as shown in Figure 3. Following [10], Kumar et al [12] present an implementation via a regular and entangled configuration utilizing Pauli-X, Pauli-Z, and CZ gates, as shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Quantum Physically Unclonable Functions (Qpufs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There can be multiple I stages; only two such stages shown here for brevity. [11] uses multiple R Y and R X stages with different rotation degrees; only two shown.…”

Section: Quantum Physically Unclonable Functions (Qpufs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Logic Locking for Security

Topaloglu

2023

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Having access to a unique quantum circuit that one wants to protect against use by others is a very likely scenario in industrial computing. However, currently, users rely on classical computer security schemes, which have known shortcomings. In this paper, we introduce a novel protection scheme along with a survey of other known methods to protect quantum information. In particular, we review physically unclonable functions (PUFs), obfuscation, and introduce quantum logic locking (QLL). The latter technique provisions end users to protect their circuit from an adversary through the use of a secret key.

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“…Readers could also refer to [6] for a theoretical treatment of the topic. [7] extends the idea in [5] to have multiple cycles of rotation gates instead of a single cycle as shown in Figure 3. [8] presents yet another implementation via a regular and entangled configuration utilizing X, Z, and CZ gates as shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Quantum Physically Unclonable Functions (Qpufs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…QPUF implementation [7] uses multiple R Y and R X stages with different rotation degrees; only two shown.…”

Section: Quantum Physically Unclonable Functions (Qpufs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Logic Locking for Security

Topaloglu¹

2022

Preprint

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Having access to a unique quantum circuit that one wants to protect against use by others is a very likely scenario. However currently users rely on classical computer security schemes, which have known shortcomings. In this chapter we introduce a novel protection scheme along with a survey of other known methods to protect quantum information. In particular we review physically unclonable functions (PUFs), obfuscation, and introduce quantum logic locking.

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Learning classical readout quantum PUFs based on single-qubit gates

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Optimal depth and a novel approach to variational unitary quantum process tomography

Optimal depth and a novel approach to variational unitary quantum process tomography

Quantum Logic Locking for Security

Quantum Logic Locking for Security

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