Learning‐dependent changes in sleep spindles and Stage 2 sleep

Fogel, Stuart; Smith, Carlyle

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00522.x

Cited by 314 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Temporal coupling between spindles, hippocampal ripples, and slow-oscillations has been described before in that during the up state of cortical slow oscillations, both spindle activity and hippocampal high-frequency ripple activity were increased (Sirota et al, 2003;Battaglia et al, 2004). The coordinated spindle-ripple events have been suggested to provide a mechanism for information transfer between hippocampus and neocortex (Siapas and Wilson, 1998;Sirota et al, 2003;Axmacher et al, 2006), which could explain that sleep spindles, most pronounced in S2 but also occurring in SWS (De Gennaro and Ferrara, 2003), are related to memory consolidation (Gais et al, 2002;Schabus et al, 2004Schabus et al, , 2008Clemens et al, 2005;Fogel and Smith, 2006;Genzel et al, 2009). At the same time, sleep spindles have been shown to reflect thalamus-driven cortical inhibition, which may signify a different or double functionality (Steriade et al, 1993;Cote et al, 2000).…”

Section: Increased Hf Connectivity In S2 Interacts With Sleep Spindlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sleep Spindles and Hippocampal Functional Connectivity in Human NREM Sleep

Andrade

Spoormaker

Dresler

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuroscience

203

141

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We investigated human hippocampal functional connectivity in wakefulness and throughout non-rapid eye movement sleep. Young healthy subjects underwent simultaneous EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements at 1.5 T under resting conditions in the descent to deep sleep. Continuous 5 min epochs representing a unique sleep stage (i.e., wakefulness, sleep stages 1 and 2, or slow-wave sleep) were extracted. fMRI time series of subregions of the hippocampal formation (HF) (cornu ammonis, dentate gyrus, and subiculum) were extracted based on cytoarchitectonical probability maps. We observed sleep stage-dependent changes in HF functional coupling. The HF was integrated to variable strength in the default mode network (DMN) in wakefulness and light sleep stages but not in slow-wave sleep. The strongest functional connectivity between the HF and neocortex was observed in sleep stage 2 (compared with both slow-wave sleep and wakefulness). We observed a strong interaction of sleep spindle occurrence and HF functional connectivity in sleep stage 2, with increased HF/neocortical connectivity during spindles. Moreover, the cornu ammonis exhibited strongest functional connectivity with the DMN during wakefulness, while the subiculum dominated hippocampal functional connectivity to frontal brain regions during sleep stage 2. Increased connectivity between HF and neocortical regions in sleep stage 2 suggests an increased capacity for possible global information transfer, while connectivity in slow-wave sleep is reflecting a functional system optimal for segregated information reprocessing. Our data may be relevant to differentiating sleep stage-specific contributions to neural plasticity as proposed in sleep-dependent memory consolidation.

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Section: Increased Hf Connectivity In S2 Interacts With Sleep Spindlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sleep Spindles and Hippocampal Functional Connectivity in Human NREM Sleep

Andrade

Spoormaker

Dresler

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuroscience

203

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since sleep spindles have often been correlated with memory consolidation, [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] we performed a bivariate Pearson correlation between the declarative consolidation (dcons) and the stage 2 and NREM spindle measures (SpD and aSpA), as well as between the motor consolidation (mcons) and the spindle measures. If a significant correlation was found, we carried out further correlations with aSpA and SpD of the thirds of the night.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow wave sleep and REM sleep awakenings do not affect sleep dependent memory consolidation

Genzel¹,

Dresler²,

Wehrle³

et al. 2007

Pharmacopsychiatry

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study objectives: The effects of REM sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS) deprivation on sleep-dependent motor and declarative memory consolidation. design: Randomized, within-subject, cross-over study setting: Weekly (women: monthly) sleep laboratory visits, with retest 60 hours later Participants: Twelve healthy subjects (6 men) aged between 20 and 30 years interventions: REM sleep deprivation, SWS deprivation, or undisturbed sleep Measurements and results: We deprived subjects once each of REM sleep and SWS, and once let them sleep undisturbed through the night.After each night, we tested declarative and procedural memory consolidation. We tested memory performance by a verbal paired associate task and a sequential finger-tapping task at 21:00 on the study night and again 60 hours later. Although REM sleep and SWS awakenings led to a significant reduction of the respective sleep stages, memory consolidation remained unaffected. We also found a significant correlation between the declarative task and sleep spindles in the undisturbed condition, especially the sleep spindles in the first third of the night. Conclusion: We suggest that word-pair learning relies on stage 2 sleep spindles and requires little SWS. Their sleep dependent consolidation is not affected by SWS deprivation. Simple motor tasks may either be consolidated in stage 2 sleep or depend on only small amounts of REM sleep. Their sleep dependent consolidation is not influenced by REM sleep deprivation.

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“…A great deal of emphasis has been placed on the role of sleep spindles in the hippocampal-neocortical dialogue (8,9,13), and thus consolidation of hippocampal-dependent memories. However, there is ample data to suggest that spindles are also important for motor and procedural learning (14)(15)(16)(17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep spindles are locally modulated by training on a brain–computer interface

Johnson

Blakely

Hermes

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The learning of a motor task is known to be improved by sleep, and sleep spindles are thought to facilitate this learning by enabling synaptic plasticity. In this study subjects implanted with electrocorticography (ECoG) arrays for long-term epilepsy monitoring were trained to control a cursor on a computer screen by modulating either the high-gamma or mu/beta power at a single electrode located over the motor or premotor area. In all trained subjects, spindle density in posttraining sleep was increased with respect to pretraining sleep in a remarkably spatially specific manner. The pattern of increased spindle activity reflects the functionally specific regions that were involved in learning of a highly novel and salient task during wakefulness, supporting the idea that sleep spindles are involved in learning to use a motorbased brain-computer interface device.

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Learning‐dependent changes in sleep spindles and Stage 2 sleep

Cited by 314 publications

References 16 publications

Sleep Spindles and Hippocampal Functional Connectivity in Human NREM Sleep

Sleep Spindles and Hippocampal Functional Connectivity in Human NREM Sleep

Slow wave sleep and REM sleep awakenings do not affect sleep dependent memory consolidation

Sleep spindles are locally modulated by training on a brain–computer interface

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