Learning Disabilities and Delinquency

Einat, Tomer; Einat, Amela

doi:10.1177/0306624x07307352

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…On the other pole Einat and Einat (2008) reported high rates of LD (69.6%) among a random sample of 89 Israeli inmates. In addition, significant relationships were found between LD, number of years of education and the age of the onset of criminal activity [75]. In another example, it was found that LD were overrepresented among a sample of homeless adults (N = 133) [76].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Three articles [75]–[77] (4.83%) were classified into this domain and described extremely different results concerning adults with LD. On one pole, Seo, Abbott, and Hawkins (2008) compared adults with and without LD (N = 571) and found no significant differences between the groups at age 24 in the areas of schooling, employment, income, receipt of public aid and involvement in crime [77].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity and Participation Characteristics of Adults with Learning Disabilities - A Systematic Review

Sharfi

Rosenblum

2014

PLoS ONE

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Background‘Learning disabilities’ (LD) refer to a wide group of neurological disorders caused by deficits in the central nervous system which influence the individual's ability to maintain-, process or convey information to others in an efficient way. A worldwide discussion about the definitions of LD continues while a conceptual framework for studying the diverse life outcomes of adults with LD is still missing.ObjectiveThe aim was to review the literature on the activity and participation of adults with LD based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) concepts.Methods“PsychInfo”, “Eric” and “PubMed” were searched for relevant literature according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). After a three-stage process, 62 articles relevant for domains of activity and participation of adults with LD were included in the review.ResultsThirty-two articles focused on the domain of major life areas of education, work and employment and twelve articles focused on the domain of learning and applying knowledge. Limitations in activity and participation of the population with LD in these domains are recognized and discussed. Eighteen additional articles demonstrated that adults with LD confront difficulties in various life domains (e.g., communication, interpersonal interactions, mobility, and domestic life), however literature concerning these domains is scarce.ConclusionsThe ICF can be useful for further exploration of activity and participation characteristics of adults with LD in various life domains. Such exploration is required in order to gain a wider perspective of their functional characteristics and daily needs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and Participation Characteristics of Adults with Learning Disabilities - A Systematic Review

Sharfi

Rosenblum

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Several studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses such as conduct disorder (CD), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), substance use disorder (SUD), ADHD and learning disorder among mainly male prison inmates (26–28), and one recent study showed that approximately 50% of male inmates have current ADHD and related problems (29). At the time of the present investigation there were no studies dedicated specifically to female convicts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD-related symptoms among adults in out-patient psychiatry and female prison inmates as compared with the general population

Edvinsson

Bingefors

Lindström

et al. 2010

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of symptoms consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related problems in adults in the general population, out-patient psychiatry (where females are in majority), and female convicts.MethodA questionnaire based on the DSM-IV criteria of ADHD, reported childhood symptoms, reading and spelling problems, difficulties and suffering, and general assessment of functioning (GAF) was distributed to samples of the general population, open care psychiatry, and female prison inmates. Completed questionnaires were received from 517/1000, 349/400, and 50/65 of the three samples, respectively. ResultsSymptoms consistent with ADHD were more than three times higher in out-patient psychiatry than in the general population (6.6% versus 2.1%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6–1.7. The severity of symptoms and frequencies of associated disabilities were similar in men and women. ADHD symptoms and related problems occurred in 50% of the female prisoners, which is similar to male prisoners according to the literature.ConclusionThe high prevalence of symptoms and disabilities of ADHD in women should lead to awareness of the disorder in both sexes and be addressed in terms of diagnostic work-up, treatment, and rehabilitation.

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“…Estos estudios ofrecen una prevalencia del trastorno en prisión que abarca un rango amplio, de un 10 hasta un 70% (Ghanizadeh, Mohammadi, Akhondzadeh, & Sanaei-Zadeh, 2011). Asimismo, se observa que la presencia del TDAH aparece frecuentemente asociado a otros trastornos, actuando como factor de riesgo para la conducta criminal y antisocial, además de predecir el futuro consumo de sustancias (Einat & Einat, 2008;Ghanizadeh et al, 2011;Rösler et al, 2004).…”

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“…Asimismo, estos resultados confi rman una presencia del TDAH en prisión más elevada que en población general (Einat & Einat, 2008;Ghanizadeh et al, 2011;Rösler et al, 2004), destacando en la población reclusa con TDAH un control de impulsos bajo y un riesgo de reincidencia elevado entre los internos (Eme, 2008), la cual se incrementa hasta cinco veces más si el preso ha cumplido condena en más de una ocasión (Vicens-Pons & Grupo PRECA, 2009). En esta línea, el estudio de Sanz-García et al (2010), realizado con internos en tratamiento psiquiátrico en el medio penitenciario, refi ere que aquellos con TDAH delinquen a más temprana edad, con una media de comisión del primer delito a los 22 años frente a los 29 años del resto de reclusos con otras patologías psiquiátricas.…”

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Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH): Prevalencia y Características Sociodemográficas en Población Reclusa

Pérez¹,

Pérez²,

Díaz³

et al. 2015

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumenDiversos estudios coinciden en señalar que la prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en internos penitenciarios es signifi cativamente mayor que en la población general. En este contexto, la literatura muestra que existe una importante presencia de síntomas del Trastorno por Défi cit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) en esta población. Sin embargo, la investigación al respecto es escasa. En este estudio se estimó la prevalencia con cribado positivo para TDAH en la población penitenciaria, y se establecieron las características sociodemográfi cas asociadas al trastorno. Se administraron dos escalas de evaluación del TDAH ampliamente empleadas y validadas en población adulta -ASRS y WURS. Los participantes fueron 143 presos del Establecimiento Penitenciario de Villabona (Asturias, España), con un rango de edad entre 18 y 69 años. Los resultados obtenidos indican una prevalencia aparente del TDAH en torno al 25% utilizando ambas escalas y con resultados coincidentes entre ellas. Además se encontraron diferencias signifi cativas por sexo, por nivel de escolaridad y situación laboral, con diferentes perfi les según la presencia de los síntomas del TDAH. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de estudiar las consecuencias de este trastorno en la población penitenciaria, con el objeto de mejorar el manejo terapéutico en este contexto, atendiendo a sus características. Palabras clave: TDAH, prisión, prevalencia, características sociodemográfi cas, evaluación de la conducta. AbstractThere is a good deal of evidence suggesting that the prevalence of mental disorders among imprisoned people is signifi cantly higher that in general population. In this context, literature shows that there is an important presence of Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) within this population. However, research on this topic is lacking. This study estimated the prevalence of ADHD in a penitentiary population by means of positive screening and established the sociodemographic characteristics related to the presence of the disorder. Two different scales of ADHD, widely applied and validated for adult population, were used for this purpose -ASRS and WURS. One-hundred and forty three prisoners between 18 and 69 years old from Villabona's Penitentiary Establishment (Asturias, Spain) took part in this study. Results showed 25% of apparent prevalence of ADHD, using both scales. Statistically signifi cant differences were found in sex, educational level and employment situation, showing different profi les as a function of the presence of ADHD symptoms. These results highlight the need to study the consequences of this disorder within imprisoned populations in order to improve therapeutic management, paying attention to their characteristics.

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Learning Disabilities and Delinquency

Cited by 52 publications

References 44 publications

Activity and Participation Characteristics of Adults with Learning Disabilities - A Systematic Review

Activity and Participation Characteristics of Adults with Learning Disabilities - A Systematic Review

ADHD-related symptoms among adults in out-patient psychiatry and female prison inmates as compared with the general population

Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH): Prevalencia y Características Sociodemográficas en Población Reclusa

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