“…In recent years, both the number of L2 learners pursuing higher education and efforts to integrate technology into EAP programs have increased greatly. However, research on the value of formative assessment has chiefly examined other courses and disciplines such as quantitative methods (e.g., Choi et al, 2018;Tempelaar et al, 2018Tempelaar et al, , 2020, business (e.g., Tempelaar et al, 2011), history, social care, maths, and engineering (e.g., Hlosta, et al, 2017). There has been little in-depth analysis of the extent to which EAP formative assessments delivered through LMSs such as Blackboard can predict students' future performance and on the potential of learner analytics to identify L2 students who are academically at risk.…”