Learning from community pharmacists' initial experiences of a workplace-based training program

Sokhi, Jeremy; Desborough, James; Norris, Nigel; Wright, David

doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2020.04.017

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The interprofessional elements of the training programme, with sessions led by hospital geriatricians and GPs, and a competency assessment by a GP were aspects particularly welcomed by the PIPs and identified as supporting clinical skill development. This supports other calls for training programmes to integrate interprofessional teams and practices [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of a training programme for Pharmacist Independent Prescribers in a care home medicine management intervention

et al. 2022

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Background The provision of independent prescribing rights for United Kingdom (UK) pharmacists has enabled them to prescribe within their area of competence. The aim of this study was to evaluate an evidence-based training programme designed to prepare Pharmacist Independent Prescribers (PIPs) to safely and effectively assume responsibility for pharmaceutical care of older people in care homes in the UK, within a randomised controlled trial. Methods The training and competency assessment process included two training days, professional development planning against a bespoke competency framework, mentor support, and a viva with an independent General Practitioner (GP). Data on the PIPs’ perceptions of the training were collected through evaluation forms immediately after the training days and through online questionnaires and interviews after delivery of the 6-month intervention. Using a mixed method approach each data set was analysed separately then triangulated providing a detailed evaluation of the process. Kaufman’s Model of Learning Evaluation guided interpretations. Results All 25 PIPs who received the training completed an evaluation form (N = 25). Post-intervention questionnaires were completed by 16 PIPs and 14 PIPs took part in interviews. PIPs reported the training days and mentorship enabled them to develop a personalised portfolio of competence in preparation for discussion during a viva with an independent GP. Contact with the mentor reduced as PIPs gained confidence in their role. PIPs applied their new learning throughout the delivery of the intervention leading to perceived improvements in residents’ quality of life and medicines management. A few PIPs reported that developing a portfolio of competence was time intensive, and that further training on leadership skills would have been beneficial. Conclusions The bespoke training programme was fit for purpose. Mentorship and competency assessment were resource intensive but appropriate. An additional benefit was that many PIPs reported professional growth beyond the requirement of the study. Trial registration The definitive RCT was registered with the ISRCTN registry (registration number ISRCTN 17,847,169).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of a training programme for Pharmacist Independent Prescribers in a care home medicine management intervention

et al. 2022

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“… 21 Further to this, evaluations of post-graduate training for community pharmacists within the UK have found that the use of work-based training is appropriate and necessary to support pharmacists in the development of their competence and confidence. 22 , 23 Countries including Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the UK have developed competency-based educational resources which outline the tasks that clinical pharmacists should complete in primary care. 17 , 24 - 27 While these resources have shown to be effective in improving confidence, patient communication, and teamwork, there is little research showing the suitability of competency-based training programs in supporting pharmacists working in the primary care setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of pharmacist-led services in primary care: A mixed-methods exploration of pharmacists’ perceptions of a national educational resource package

Preston¹,

Weir²,

Mueller³

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background: To help alleviate the global pressure on primary care, there has been an increase in the number of clinical pharmacists within primary care. Educational resources are necessary to support this workforce and their development within this role. An educational resource package was developed in Scotland to support the General Practice Clinical Pharmacists (GPCPs), containing a hard copy Competency and Capability Framework (CCF), an online platform (TURAS) and both clinical and educational supervisors in 2016. Objective: To examine the implementation of a competency-based educational resource package through the exploration of pharmacists’ perceptions of its adoption, acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Methods: Participants were GPCPs who had been part of a national training event between 2016 and 2018. The participants were given the opportunity to complete an online questionnaire or a semi-structured telephone interview. Both data collection tools were based on Proctor’s model of implementation outcomes: adoption, acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility. Areas covered included GPCPs’ perceptions and level of adoption of the educational resource package developed to support them in their role. Results: Of a potential 164 participants, 52 (31.7%) completed the questionnaire and 12 (7.3%) completed the interview. GPCPs indicated widespread adoption and were accepting of the resources; however, it was suggested that its value was undermined, as it was not associated with a qualification. The appropriateness and feasibility of the resources depended on GPCPs’ individual situation (including current role, previous job experience, time available, support received from peers and supervisors, and perceptions of resources available). Conclusions: The suitability of the CCF was evidenced by participants’ adoption and acceptance of the resource, indicating the necessity of a competence-based framework to support the GPCPs’ role. However, its suitability was hindered in terms of varied perceptions of appropriateness and feasibility. Despite the limited sample size, the results indicate that the value of these resources should be promoted across primary care; nevertheless further facilitation is required to allow GPCPs to fully engage with the resources.

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Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts

Owen-Boukra,

Cai,

Duddy

et al. 2024

J Health Serv Res Policy

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Objectives Collaborative and integrated (C + I) working between general practice and community pharmacies has the potential to increase accessibility to services, improve service efficiency and quality of care, and reduce health care expenditures. Many existing studies report challenges and complexities inherent in establishing effective C + I ways of working. The aim of our review is to understand how, when and why working arrangements between General Practitioners (GP) and Community Pharmacists (CP) can provide the conditions necessary for effective communication, decision-making, and C + I working. Methods We conducted a realist review to explore the key contextual factors and mechanisms through which GP-CP C + I working may be achieved. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, HMIC, Web of Science, IBSS, ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database and the King’s Fund Library Database were searched for articles and grey literature published between January 2000 and April 2022. Results A total of 136 documents were included in the final synthesis. Our findings highlight the importance of mutually beneficial remuneration models to support effective integration of services; supportive organisational cultures and values; flexible and agile IT systems/technologies; adequate physical infrastructure and space design to support multidisciplinary teamworking; the importance of establishing patient’s trust in collaborative processes between GP-CP; and the need to acknowledge, support and utilise effective triadic relationships. Conclusions Our research generates new insights regarding how, why and in which contexts C + I working can be achieved between GPs and CPs. The findings of our review can be used to inform future policy, research and clinical practice guidelines for designing and delivering C + I care.

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Learning from community pharmacists' initial experiences of a workplace-based training program

Abstract: Learning from community pharmacists' initial experiences of a workplace based training program

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of a training programme for Pharmacist Independent Prescribers in a care home medicine management intervention

Evaluation of a training programme for Pharmacist Independent Prescribers in a care home medicine management intervention

Implementation of pharmacist-led services in primary care: A mixed-methods exploration of pharmacists’ perceptions of a national educational resource package

Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts

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