“…Since the onset of the COVID–19 crisis, academic literature and industry reports on the effect of the pandemic have been growing on a fast pace (e.g., Akhtaruzzaman, Boubaker, & Sensoy, 2020 ; International Energy Agency, 2020 ). Most of the studies focus on the effects of the COVID–19 on the aggregate financial markets and financial assets such as gold, cryptocurrencies (e.g., Akhtaruzzaman, Boubaker, Lucey, & Sensoy, 2020 ; Baker et al, 2020 ; Bissoondoyal-Bheenick, Do, Xu and Zhong, 2020 ; Chiah and Zhong, 2020 ; Corbet, et. al, 2020a ; Corbet, et.…”