“…The components that were used for the benchmarking exercises were synthesized from many previous best practices studies (Sherman 1985, Dimancescu and Dwenger 1996, Davidson et al 1999, Dooley et al 2002, Eckermann et al 2002, Cooper et al 2004a, b, c, Cormican and O'Sullivan 2004, including market and product strategy, product champions and leaders, multi-functional teams, open communication, collaboration, resources, pace slack time, employee suggestions, top management support, shared vision, clear goals, alignment with strategy, experimentation and testing, market and technical assessment, market focus, customer contact, performance metrics, risk taking, together with other components that were not captured by these previous studies such as functional competencies, core visionary motivators, and so on. Based on the finding of a number of previous best practices studies (Sherman 1985, Cooper 1990, Crawford 1994, Ackenhusen et al 1996a, b, Dimancescu and Dwenger 1996, Rosenau 1996, Coyne 1997, Griffin 1997, Markides 1998, Davidson et al 1999, Zairi 1999, Figueroa and Conceicao 2000, APQC 2001, Belliveau et al 2002, Conceicao et al 2002, Cooper et al 2002, Dooley et al 2002, Eckermann et al 2002, Reed 2002, Cooper et al 2004a, b, c, Cormican and O'Sullivan 2004, these world best practices in NPD can be categorized along the four key factors NPD model.…”