Women's active and equal participation in the security sector has been identified as crucial to achieving a more responsive, effective, and accountable security sector. In this vein, the United Nations Security Resolution 1325 calls for the full and equal participation of women in the security sector and expanded roles in peace building and peacekeeping. Such participation is necessary to equip the security sector with the requisite skills and capacities to adequately address and respond to the varied security needs of men, women, boys, and girls. However, in spite of the lofty goals of the resolution, women's participation in the security sector in Africa remains at a dismal level. Women are largely absent as security sector actors, and from decision-making levels in the security and defense policy making institutions and agencies. Using the Feminist Security Framework, the chapter critiques the security sector in Africa as largely male dominated, by highlighting the small number of women in the security sector, as well as the several obstacles confronting them. Although several African countries are carrying out reforms within their security sector, the integration of gender into such reforms remains a key challenge. The chapter recommends that security sector institutions in Africa ensure a gender-sensitive environment and institutional