2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2021.100832
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Learning presence within the Community of Inquiry framework: An alternative measurement survey for a four-factor model

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Cited by 45 publications
(63 citation statements)
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References 37 publications
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“…LP emerged as a key predictor of LE, demonstrating that it must be addressed by the teachers in the context of language learning. Further, the learning experience needs to be made interesting and entertaining to ensure learner involvement and engagement, which confirms previous studies (Wertz, 2022). The association between LP and LE was positive and significant; the findings affirm Ma et al's (2017) study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 85%
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“…LP emerged as a key predictor of LE, demonstrating that it must be addressed by the teachers in the context of language learning. Further, the learning experience needs to be made interesting and entertaining to ensure learner involvement and engagement, which confirms previous studies (Wertz, 2022). The association between LP and LE was positive and significant; the findings affirm Ma et al's (2017) study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 85%
“…The cycle recurs as the learner adjusts and prepares for the next activity. Recent studies propose the inclusion of LP as the fourth element in the CoI framework as a way to denote learner self-regulation (Wertz, 2022). Researchers maintain extant studies on self-regulation offer a solid ground for the inclusion of LP for enhanced appreciation of the LE (Huang et al, 2019).…”
Section: Learning Presencementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Teaching presence involves designing materials, implementing learning activities and facilitating discussions in the teaching process (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 1999). Although Shea and Bidjerano (2010) proposed learning presence (LP) which emerged from a constellation of motivational and behavioral traits that drive self-regulation as a fourth inter-related construct, few studies have addressed this construct (Shea & Bidjerano, 2012 ;Wertz, 2022).…”
Section: Community Of Inquiry (Coi)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Over the years, various methods were used to study the constructs in particular, or some useful instruments were used to measure the CoI constructs separately (Anderson et al, 2001;Arbaugh & Hwang, 2006;Arbaugh et al, 2008;Jansson et al, 2021;Kovanović et al, 2019;Shea & Bidjerano, 2009;Shea et al, 2003;Wertz, 2022). Depending on learning settings, instructor roles and the teaching approaches, the tools for measuring the three presences, were varied.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%