“…The variables associated with student outcomes used in the empirical studies were: academic achievement or test scores (Choi, 2003;Glaze, 2001;Harvey et al1999;Janisch and Johnson, 2003;Langer, 2000;Montes, 2002;Younker, 2003;Zimmerman at al., 1998), identification with school (Rudduck, 2002), school engagement (Zimmerman at al., 1998), student engagement with school (Leithwood and Jantzi, 1999), students' capacity to learn (Rudduck, 2002), self-confidence (Rudduck, 2002), student leadership/participation (Jones et al, 1996;Zimmerman et al, 1998), students having a voice (Beattie, 2002), changes in student idealism and normative beliefs (Giles, et al, 2001), change in students' attitudes towards education and learning (Choi, 2003), moral development of students (through character education, see Huffman 1993 for an example), and development of a learning community (Strahan, et al, 2001).…”