“…However, the related studies suggested and analyzed different components of absorptive capacity. For instance, some studies underlined investment in education and human capital to improve absorptive capacity (Harrison & Hanson, 1999;Jiang, Jiao, Lin, & Xia, 2019;Keller, 2004;Narula & Criscuolo, 2002;Narula, 2004), whereas some others are more specific about investment in R&D to expand a country's absorptive capacity (Barro & Sala-i-Martin, 1995;Danquah, Ouattara, & Quartey, 2018;Eaton & Kortum, 1996;Griffith, Stephen, & John, 2003;Howitt, 2000;Kobarg, Stumpf-Wollersheim, & Welpe, 2018;Stephen & Edward, 1991), and technological infrastructure (Antoio & William, 2019;Chuang & Hsu, 2004;Kaja & Slavec, 2017;NSB, 2008). There are also studies which define absorption capacity in term of social infrastructure, national orientation, and provisions of government incentives (Henry, Kneller, & Milner, 2009;Jiangtao et al, 2019;Marianne & Einar, 2016).…”