Learning to Avoid Collisions: A Functional State Space Approach

Stanard, Terry; Flach, John M.; Smith, Matthew; Warren, Rik

doi:10.1080/10407413.2012.729382

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There have been some recent attempts to model human behavior in aviation from an ecological rationality approach. For example, Byrne and Kirlik (2005) use an ecologically inspired computational model to study possible sources of error during aircraft taxiing operations, while Stanard and colleagues use an ecological approach to examine decision strategies in a collision avoidance task (Stanard, Flach, Smith, & Warren, 2012). Substantial progress has also been made in translating ecological approach principles into more formal guidelines for the design of interfaces in complex work environments (Bennett & Flach, 2011).…”

Section: A Theory Of Dynamic Decision Making In Response To Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive decision making in a dynamic environment: A test of a sequential sampling model of relative judgment.

Vuckovic

Kwantes

Neal

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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Research has identified a wide range of factors that influence performance in relative judgment tasks. However, the findings from this research have been inconsistent. Studies have varied with respect to the identification of causal variables and the perceptual and decision-making mechanisms underlying performance. Drawing on the ecological rationality approach, we present a theory of the judgment and decision-making processes involved in a relative judgment task that explains how people judge a stimulus and adapt their decision process to accommodate their own uncertainty associated with those judgments. Undergraduate participants performed a simulated air traffic control conflict detection task. Across two experiments, we systematically manipulated variables known to affect performance. In the first experiment, we manipulated the relative distances of aircraft to a common destination while holding aircraft speeds constant. In a follow-up experiment, we introduced a direct manipulation of relative speed. We then fit a sequential sampling model to the data, and used the best fitting parameters to infer the decision-making processes responsible for performance. Findings were consistent with the theory that people adapt to their own uncertainty by adjusting their criterion and the amount of time they take to collect evidence in order to make a more accurate decision. From a practical perspective, the paper demonstrates that one can use a sequential sampling model to understand performance in a dynamic environment, allowing one to make sense of and interpret complex patterns of empirical findings that would otherwise be difficult to interpret using standard statistical analyses.

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Section: A Theory Of Dynamic Decision Making In Response To Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive decision making in a dynamic environment: A test of a sequential sampling model of relative judgment.

Vuckovic

Kwantes

Neal

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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“…Therefore, as stated by Padfield [ 35 ], should be the key variable to guide the design of vision augmentation systems. Alternatively, pilots can pick up the rate of expansion of the current visual angle of the deck to maintain it at a constant positive value ([ 38 , 39 ]). This strategy was hypothesized to trigger the initiation of braking but the regulation of braking with respect to these variables was not demonstrated [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

et al. 2021

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Helicopter landing on a ship is a visually regulated "rendezvous" task during which pilots must use fine control to land a powerful rotorcraft on the deck of a moving ship tossed by the sea while minimizing the energy at impact. Although augmented reality assistance can be hypothesized to improve pilots’ performance and the safety of landing maneuvers by guiding action toward optimal behavior in complex and stressful situations, the question of the optimal information to be displayed to feed the pilots’ natural information-movement coupling remains to be investigated. Novice participants were instructed to land a simplified helicopter on a ship in a virtual reality simulator while minimizing energy at impact and landing duration. The wave amplitude and related ship heave were manipulated. We compared the benefits of two types of visual augmentation whose design was based on either solving cockpit-induced visual occlusion problems or strengthening the online regulation of the deceleration by keeping the current τ˙ variable around an ideal value of -0.5 to conduct smooth and efficient landing. Our results showed that the second augmentation, ecologically grounded, offers benefits at several levels of analysis. It decreases the landing duration, improves the control of the helicopter displacement, and sharpens the sensitivity to changes in τ˙. This underlines the importance for designers of augmented reality systems to collaborate with psychologists to identify the relevant perceptual-motor strategy that must be encouraged before designing an augmentation that will enhance it.

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“…To account for this continuity, the authors of [52] proposed that informational variables can be portrayed as forming a continuous space, referred to as information space (cf. [51]). When appropriately defined, such a space should contain all the variables that individuals exploit for a task.…”

Section: Learning Of Visually Guided Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such control laws should not be considered as hard-wired and unchangeable. On the contrary, empirical evidence indicates that perceivers change in which informational variable they use and in the single-valued function that maps the used variable to force [49][50][51]. In laboratory tasks, it is possible to impose constraints that turn highly useful variables into less useful ones, and vice versa.…”

Section: Learning Of Visually Guided Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Ecological Approach to Information and Control for Roboticists

Ibáñez-Gijón

Díaz

Lobo³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems

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The ongoing and increasingly important trend in robotics to conceive designs that decentralize control is paralleled by currently active research paradigms in the study of perception and action. James Gibson’s ecological approach is one of these paradigms. Gibson’s approach emerged in part as a reaction to representationalist and computationalist approaches, which devote the bulk of their resources to the study of internal processes. The ecological approach instead focuses on constraints and ambient energy patterns in the animal‐environment coalition. The present article reviews how the emphasis on the environment by ecological psychologists has given rise to the concepts of direct perception, higher order information, active information pick up, information‐ based control laws, prospective control, and direct learning. Examples are included to illustrate these concepts and to show how they can be applied to the construction of robots. Action is described as emergent and self‐organized. It is argued that knowledge about perception, action, and learning as it occurs in living organisms may facilitate the construction of robots, more obviously so if the aim is to construct (to some extent) biologically plausible robots

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Learning to Avoid Collisions: A Functional State Space Approach

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Adaptive decision making in a dynamic environment: A test of a sequential sampling model of relative judgment.

Adaptive decision making in a dynamic environment: A test of a sequential sampling model of relative judgment.

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

On the Ecological Approach to Information and Control for Roboticists

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