Least Significant Differences for Combined Analyses of Experiments with Two‐ or Three‐Factor Treatment Designs

Carmer, S. G.; Nyquist, W. E.; Walker, William J.

doi:10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100040021x

Cited by 369 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split plot treatment arrangement with planting date serving as the whole plot unit and herbicide treatment serving as subplot units in the planting date experiment. Data for all variables were subjected to analyses of variance appropriate for treatment structure for each experiment using appropriate error terms for fixed and random effects (Carmer et al, 1989;SAS, 2006). Means of significant main effects and interactions were separated using Fisher's Protected LSD test at p # 0.05.…”

Section: Methods Common To All Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each subplot was replicated four times. Data for all variables were subjected to analyses of variance appropriate for treatment structure for each experiment using appropriate error terms for fixed and random effects (Carmer et al, 1989;SAS, 2006). Means of significant main effects and interactions were separated using Fisher's Protected LSD test at p # 0.05.…”

Section: Interactions Of Aldicarb and Paraquatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing Response of Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Paraquat under Weed-Free Conditions

Carley¹,

Jordan

Brandenburg³

et al. 2009

Peanut Science

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Experiments were conducted during 2003 and 2004 to determine if peanut yield and market grade characteristics differed when paraquat was applied 24 to 28 days after emergence to peanut seeded in early, mid-, and late May and early June. Peanut pod yield and percentages of extra large kernels, total sound mature kernels, and farmer stock fancy pods were affected by planting date and paraquat independently. Paraquat did not affect yield compared with non-treated peanut regardless of planting date. In other experiments from 2003-2005, peanut was planted with or without aldicarb in the seed furrow and followed either paraquat applied 24 to 28 days after emergence or 2,4-DB applied in mid-August during and 2004, experiments included a no-paraquat control rather than 2,4-DB. Pod yield was reduced at 3 of 9 sites due to damage from tobacco thrips, Franklinella fusca Hinds, feeding when aldicarb was not applied. did not affect peanut response to paraquat, and interactions of paraquat formulation (Gramoxone MAX or Gramoxone INTEON) with bentazon, bentazon plus diclosulam, bentazon plus dimethenamid, bentazon plus imazethapyr, and bentazon plus S-metolachlor was similar to paraquat alone. Peanut injury and pod yield was the same when paraquat (Gramoxone INTEON) was applied alone or with carfentrazone and was similar to carfentrazone alone.

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Section: Methods Common To All Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactions Of Aldicarb and Paraquatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Response of Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Paraquat under Weed-Free Conditions

Carley¹,

Jordan

Brandenburg³

et al. 2009

Peanut Science

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“…Statistical analysis was conducted by ANOVA (P < 0.05) using MIXED procedures in SAS ® version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Fixed effects were herbicide treatments (both experiments), mowing (experiment one), pre-herbicide application mowing interval (experiment two), and season of herbicide application (experiment one), while experimental run and replicate were considered random as described by Carmer et al (1989). Main effects and their interactions are presented accordingly, with precedent given to significant interactions of increasing magnitude (Steel et al 1997) and means were separated according to Fisher's protected LSD (P = 0.05).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Inputs and Mowing Affect Vaseygrass (Paspalum urvillei) Control

Jeffries¹,

Gannon

Yelverton

2017

Weed Technol

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Vaseygrass is an invasive, perennial C 4 -grass commonly found on roadsides in areas with poorly drained soils. Due to its upright growth habit and seedhead production, vaseygrass can impair motorist sightlines and subsequently, require increased management inputs to maintain vegetation at an acceptable height. Two field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015 on North Carolina roadsides to evaluate the effect of mowing and mowing timing with respect to applications of various herbicides on vaseygrass control. Both experiments evaluated clethodim (280 g ai ha -1 ), foramsulfuron + halosulfuron + thiencarbazonemethyl (44 + 69 + 22 g ai ha −1 ), imazapic (140 g ai ha −1 ), metsulfuron + nicosulfuron (16 + 59 g ai ha −1 ), and sulfosulfuron (105 g ai ha −1 ) with a nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. Experiment one focused on the effect of mowing (routinely mowed or nonmowed) and herbicide application timing (fall-only, fall-plus-spring, or spring-only), while experiment two focused on pre-herbicide application mowing intervals (6, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0 wk before treatment [WBT]). From experiment one, routine mowing reduced vaseygrass cover in nontreated plots 55% at 52 wk after fall treatment (WAFT), suggesting this cultural practice should be employed where possible. Additionally, routine mowing and herbicide application season affected herbicide efficacy. Treatments providing >70% vaseygrass cover reduction at 52 WAFT included routinely mowed fall-only clethodim and fall-plus-spring imazapic, and fall-plus-spring metsulfuron + nicosulfuron across mowing regimens. Within clethodim, mowing vaseygrass 2 or 1 WBT resulted in the lowest cover at 40 (1 to 2%) and 52 (4 to 6%) wk after treatment (WAT) compared to other intervals, which aligns with current label vegetation height at treatment recommendation. Vaseygrass persisted across all treatments evaluated through 52 WAT, suggesting eradication of this species will require inputs over multiple growing seasons. Nomenclature: Clethodim; foramsulfuron; halosulfuron; imazapic; metsulfuron; nicosulfuron sulfosulfuron; thiencarbazone; vaseygrass, Paspalum urvillei Steud. Key words: Herbicide application timing, integrated weed management, invasive plant, roadside vegetation management, turfgrass.Paspalum urvillei es una gramínea C 4 perenne invasiva que se encuentra comúnmente a las orillas de caminos y en áreas con suelos con poco drenaje. Debido a su hábito de crecimiento vertical y producción de espigas, P. urvillei puede limitar la visibilidad de vehículos y subsecuentemente incrementar los insumos de manejo para mantener la vegetación a una altura aceptable. Se realizaron dos experimentos de campo desde 2012 a 2015 en orillas de caminos en North Carolina para evaluar los efectos de la chapia y el momento de chapia con respecto a las aplicaciones de varios herbicidas sobre el control de P. urvillei. Ambos experimentos evaluaron clethodim (280 g ai ha −1 ), foramsulfuron + halosulfuron + thiencarbazone-methyl (44 + 69 + 22 g ai ha −1 ), imazapic (140 g ai ha −1 ), metsul...

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“…Peanut row spacing and herbicide treatment were considered fixed effects. Considering year and replication an environmental or random effect permits inferences about treatments to be made over a range of environments (Carmer et al, 1989). Peanut row spacing was compared using preplanned orthogonal contrasts at the 0.05 level of probability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Management in Evenly-Spaced 38- vs. 76-cm Row Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Stephenson¹,

Brecke²

2011

Peanut Science

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Research was conducted in Florida in 2005 through 2008 to evaluate weed management systems in narrow (38-cm)-and wide (76-cm)-row peanut. Benghal dayflower control increased when peanut row spacing was narrowed. Paraquat plus bentazon early-postemergence (EPOST) followed by (fb) imazapic or imazethapyr midpostemergence (MPOST) or chlorimuron latepostmergence (LPOST) controlled Benghal dayflower at least 90%. Imazapic EPOST with or without 2,4-DB MPOST controlled Benghal dayflower 98 to 100%. Diclosulam or flumioxazin preemergence (PRE) fb paraquat plus bentazon EPOST fb 2,4-DB MPOST or either PRE herbicide fb 2,4-DB MPOST did not increase Benghal dayflower control compared with imazapic-containing treatments. Browntop millet control was 98 to 100% for treatments with imazapic or imazethapyr EPOST and control was greater in narrow-row compared to widerow peanut. All herbicide treatments controlled pitted morningglory at least 90% and peanut row spacing did not influence control. Only treatments with imazapic EPOST as a component controlled sicklepod at least 90%. No difference between peanut row spacing was observed for sicklepod control. Peanut planted in narrow-rows yielded greater than wide-row peanut. Few differences in peanut yield were observed among herbicide treatments, but all herbicide treatments resulted in yields greater than the nontreated control. Data indicates that seeding peanut in narrow-rows will improve Benghal dayflower and browntop millet control and will increase peanut yield compared to wide-row peanut.

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Least Significant Differences for Combined Analyses of Experiments with Two‐ or Three‐Factor Treatment Designs

Cited by 369 publications

References 5 publications

Factors Influencing Response of Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Paraquat under Weed-Free Conditions

Factors Influencing Response of Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Paraquat under Weed-Free Conditions

Herbicide Inputs and Mowing Affect Vaseygrass (Paspalum urvillei) Control

Weed Management in Evenly-Spaced 38- vs. 76-cm Row Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

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