Leave policy in the Nordic welfare states: a ‘recipe’ for high employment/high fertility?

Ellingsæter, Anne Lise

doi:10.1080/13668800801890152

Cited by 50 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the Nordic countries a combination of factors, including generous parental leave arrangements with high wage compensation and access to secure jobs, reduces the cost of having children among educated women (Ellingsaeter 2009). By contrast, in the UK, obstacles have limited the opportunities for advanced careers among women with children, including lack of affordable childcare and, at least for earlier cohorts, limited provision of maternity leave (Waldfogel, Higuchi, and Abe 1998).…”

Section: Recuperation Of Childbearing At Older Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational differences in timing and quantum of childbearing in Britain

Berrington¹,

Stone²,

Beaujouan³

2015

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDIncreased postponement of fertility, especially among higher-educated women, means it is important to know whether women recuperate births at older ages, but evidence for the UK is lacking. The extent to which the timing and quantum of mothers' fertility underlie the strong educational gradient in completed family size is also unclear. OBJECTIVEWe investigate the relative contributions of childlessness, timing, and quantum to educational differences in completed fertility within cohorts born between 1940 and 1969. METHODSWe analyse retrospective fertility histories from 44,351 women, born 1940−1969, interviewed in the British General Household Survey (1979 and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009−2010). After describing educational differences in the timing of first birth and parity distributions, we quantify the relative contributions of childlessness, delayed entry into motherhood, and fertility rates conditional upon age at entry into motherhood, to educational differences in completed family size. RESULTSWithin each cohort, the educational gradient in completed family size is explained, in demographic accounting terms, almost entirely by educational differences in the proportions remaining childless and the age distribution of mothers at entry into motherhood. Conditional upon age at entry into motherhood, subsequent fertility rates are similar across educational groups and across cohorts. CONCLUSIONSUnlike for some other European countries, the postponement of motherhood to later ages in Britain has not resulted in a significant increase in childbearing among moreeducated women who enter motherhood at later ages. The stability of aggregate measures of completed fertility in Britain is not the result of a straightforward process of postponement followed by recuperation.

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Section: Recuperation Of Childbearing At Older Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational differences in timing and quantum of childbearing in Britain

Berrington¹,

Stone²,

Beaujouan³

2015

DemRes

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“…Growing labour market uncertainties, increasing family dissolution rates and changing aspirations of women and men have consecutively eroded the foundation of this family model. Nowadays, the dual-earner family is regarded as more adapted to the various challenges posed by changing family structures and growing labour market uncertainties (Crompton and Lyonette 2006;Ellingsaeter 2009;Esping-Andersen 1999Hook 2010;Mandel and Semyonov 2006;Thévenon 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare state context, female labour-market attachment and childbearing in Germany and Denmark

2014

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This study investigates the role of female labour-market attachment and earnings in childbearing progressions in two very different European contexts. By applying event-history techniques to German and Danish register data during 1981-2001, we demonstrate how female earnings relate to first, second and third birth propensities. Our study shows that female earnings are positively associated with first birth fertility in Denmark, while this is not the case in West Germany. We interpret our findings based on the fact that Danish social context and policy encourage women to establish themselves in the labour market before becoming mothers, while the German institutional context during the 1980s and 1990s was not geared towards encouraging maternal employment. For higher-order births, the results are less clearcut. For Denmark we find a slightly positive correlation between female earnings and second-birth fertility, while the association is somewhat negative for third-order births. In Germany, women tend to leave the labour market when becoming mothers. Non-employed mothers have elevated second and, in particular, third-birth rates. For the group of mothers who are employed, we find only a weak association between their earnings and higher-order fertility.

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“…var øn-sket om at påvirke fertiliteten en vigtig drivkraft for familie-og befolkningspolitikken i Sverige i 1930'erne (Kälvemark, 1980), men selvom fertilitetsproblematikken tidligere har vaeret et vigtigt emne i alle de nordiske lande, har børnepasningspolitikken i nyere tid ikke vaeret udformet specielt med henblik på at øge antallet af fødte børn (Ellingsaeter, 2009).…”

Section: Nordisk Politik: Samarbejde Om Børnepasningspolitik Og Ligesunclassified

Föräldraledighet, omsorgspolitik och jämställdhet i Norden

Eydal¹,

Gíslason²

2010

TemaNord

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Leave policy in the Nordic welfare states: a ‘recipe’ for high employment/high fertility?

Cited by 50 publications

References 38 publications

Educational differences in timing and quantum of childbearing in Britain

Educational differences in timing and quantum of childbearing in Britain

Welfare state context, female labour-market attachment and childbearing in Germany and Denmark

Föräldraledighet, omsorgspolitik och jämställdhet i Norden

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