Leaves may function as temperature sensors in the heterophylly of <i>Rorippa aquatica</i> (Brassicaceae)

Nakayama, Hokuto; Kimura, Seisuke

doi:10.1080/15592324.2015.1091909

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For instance, exposing mature leaves to high concentrations of CO 2 or different light conditions was sufficient to reduce the opening and number of stomata in younger leaves ( Lake et al, 2001 ). Similarly, in the aquatic plant Rorippa aquatica (Lake cress) subjecting a single mature leaf to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature led to a decrease of the complexity of the margins in the newly developing leaves ( Nakayama and Kimura, 2015 ). During flooding, a long distance signal travels from the root to the shoot where it regulates leaf growth ( Jackson, 2002 ).…”

Section: Molecular Integration Of Environmental Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology

2018

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The primary function of leaves is to provide an interface between plants and their environment for gas exchange, light exposure and thermoregulation. Leaves have, therefore a central contribution to plant fitness by allowing an efficient absorption of sunlight energy through photosynthesis to ensure an optimal growth. Their final geometry will result from a balance between the need to maximize energy uptake while minimizing the damage caused by environmental stresses. This intimate relationship between leaf and its surroundings has led to an enormous diversification in leaf forms. Leaf shape varies between species, populations, individuals or even within identical genotypes when those are subjected to different environmental conditions. For instance, the extent of leaf margin dissection has, for long, been found to inversely correlate with the mean annual temperature, such that Paleobotanists have used models based on leaf shape to predict the paleoclimate from fossil flora. Leaf growth is not only dependent on temperature but is also regulated by many other environmental factors such as light quality and intensity or ambient humidity. This raises the question of how the different signals can be integrated at the molecular level and converted into clear developmental decisions. Several recent studies have started to shed the light on the molecular mechanisms that connect the environmental sensing with organ-growth and patterning. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the influence of different environmental signals on leaf size and shape, their integration as well as their importance for plant adaptation.

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Section: Molecular Integration Of Environmental Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology

2018

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“…Previous studies found that in some aquatic and amphibious plants, heteromorphic leaves evolved as a survival strategy, where the different relative positions to the water surface caused microenvironmental heterogeneity [2,8]. These heteromorphic leaves exhibit differences not only in leaf shape but also in morphological and physiology features [7]. In terrestrial plants, microenvironmental heterogeneity also exists, but it is not as obvious as that of aquatic and amphibious plants [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microenvironmental changes may bring about variations of leaves, both in terms of morphology and physiology [7,33]. TATTINI et al demonstrated that trichomes are efficient at attenuating excess solar irradiance [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in heterophyllous Nuphar lutea plants, owing to significant differences in the chloroplast ultrastructure, chlorophyll fluorescence, and pigment content, floating and aerial leaves were perceived to be sun adapted compared with submerged leaves [6]. In the study of Rorippa aquatic , heterophylly was identified as an adaption to the ambient temperature [7]. It was reported that Hygrophila difformis evolved heteromorphic leaves to deal with fluctuating water levels [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conjoint Analysis of Genome-Wide lncRNA and mRNA Expression of Heteromorphic Leavesin Response to Environmental Heterogeneityin Populus euphratica

Ming

Lin

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Heterophylly is the phenomenon of leaf forms varying along the longitudinal axis within a single plant. Populus euphratica, a heterophyllous woody plant, develops lanceolate leaves and dentate broad-ovate leaves on the bottom and top of the canopy, respectively, which are faced with different intensities of ambient solar radiation. However, the mechanism of the heteromorphic leaf response to the microenvironment in P. euphratica remains elusive. Here, we show that the dentate broad-ovate leaves have advantages in tolerating high light intensity, while lanceolate leaves are excellent at capturing light. Compared with lanceolate leaves, more trichomes, higher stomatal density, thicker lamina, and higher specific leaf weight were observed in dentate broad-ovate leaves. Furthermore, high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the expression patterns of genes and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are different between the two heteromorphic leaves. A total of 36,492 genes and 1725 lncRNAs were detected, among which 586 genes and 54 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. Based on targets prediction, lncRNAs and target genes involved in light adaption, protein repair, stress response, and growth and development pathways were differentially expressed in heteromorphic leaves, 10 pairs of which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, the analysis of interactions indicated that lncRNA–mRNA interactions were involved in the response to the microenvironment of heteromorphic leaves. Taken together, these results suggest that the morphological features and joint regulation of lncRNA–mRNA in heteromorphic leaves may serve as survival strategies for P. euphratica, which could lead to optimal utilization of environmental factors.

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“…Therefore, GA may be utilized both of heterophylly and heteroblasty. Interestingly, a previous study showed that a single leaf can sense and transmit changes in ambient temperature to newly developed leaves in R. aquatica ( Nakayama and Kimura, 2015 ), suggesting that a long distance signal may be generated at a certain developmental stage of leaves. Transmembrane transport of GA in Arabidopsis is reported to be regulated by AtSWEET13, AtSWEET14, and AtNPF2.10/GTR proteins ( Kanno et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: How Do Gibberellins Regulate Heterophylly?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Plants and Phytohormones Accomplish Heterophylly, Leaf Phenotypic Plasticity, in Response to Environmental Cues

2017

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Plant species are known to respond to variations in environmental conditions. Many plant species have the ability to alter their leaf morphology in response to such changes. This phenomenon is termed heterophylly and is widespread among land plants. In some cases, heterophylly is thought to be an adaptive mechanism that allows plants to optimally respond to environmental heterogeneity. Recently, many research studies have investigated the occurrence of heterophylly in a wide variety of plants. Several studies have suggested that heterophylly in plants is regulated by phytohormones. Herein, we reviewed the existing knowledge on the relationship and role of phytohormones, especially abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellins, and auxins (IAA), in regulating heterophylly and attempted to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate heterophylly.

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Leaves may function as temperature sensors in the heterophylly of Rorippa aquatica (Brassicaceae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology

Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology

Conjoint Analysis of Genome-Wide lncRNA and mRNA Expression of Heteromorphic Leavesin Response to Environmental Heterogeneityin Populus euphratica

How Do Plants and Phytohormones Accomplish Heterophylly, Leaf Phenotypic Plasticity, in Response to Environmental Cues

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