Lecithin-enriched Artemia combined with inert diet and its effects on reproduction and digestive enzymes of Aequidens rivulatus

Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of soybean lecithin bioencapsulated in adult ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA and unenriched ARTEMIA in combination with an inert diet on digestive enzymes activity and reproductive perfor-mance in Aequidens RIVULATUS (green terror cichlid). Eight hundred and ten fish (3.1 ± 0.2 g) were randomly allotted into glass tank (80 L) and assigned to ten dietary treatments with 5 different levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) of either lecithin-enriched ARTEMIA (EA) or unenriched ARTEMIA (UA) over a period of 90 days. The amount of total polar lipid increased from 39.2% in the unenriched ARTEMIA to 43.7% in the lecithin-enriched ARTEMIA (P < .05). The fish fed with 50% EA had higher total weight, and total length compared with other groups (P < .05). The peculiar functions of total alkaline proteases, α-amylase, and lipase in green terror increased in the groups fed with lecithin-enriched ARTEMIA, compared to the un-enriched groups (P < .05). The highest total alkaline proteases activity was observed in the fish fed with 75% EA treatment. In comparison to the other groups, fish fed 100 and 0% levels of ARTEMIA replacement had significantly highest and lowest α-amylase ac-tivity values, respectively. Concerning reproductive performance, the highest average fecundity, egg diameter, egg weight, fertilization, hatching, and larval survival rates, as well as the lowest time between two spawning episodes, were obtained in fish fed 50% EA. In conclusion, this feeding strategy is advisable for a proper nu-tritional management of broodfish of green terror cichlid.

The effects of soy lecithin–enriched Artemia on growth and survival of the early stages of green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus)

“…Thus, phospholipid is not the only major component of bio membranes, but also important substances in lipid metabolism. In the current study, the crude lipid content in enrichment of Artemia increased by 14.2; similar results were reported in liposome-enriched Artemia (Monroig et al 2003;Guinot Monroig et al 2013;Jamali et al 2019) with 12.8%, 53.44%, and 21.6% increase in crude lipid even though the magnitude of the increase depends on the stage of development and the different Artemia species. Dietary supplementation of phospholipids also led to a reduced in the total lipid of the whole shrimp body.…”

Steroid Profiles of Wild Terror Green (Andinoacara rivulatus) Associated with Gonadal Histology in the Baba River, Ecuador

“…The gonadal development and histology for A. rivulatus females are similar to commercial cichlids, such as tilapia zilli and tilapias [27], exhibiting the same characteristics at each stage of oocyte development with asynchronous characteristics. Relative fertility studied by Jamali et al [6] was ranged from 8.5 to 28.6 oocytes/g of female. This result is comparable with those from 9.54 to 12.4 oocytes/g female obtained in A. rivulatus under natural conditions.…”

“…Few studies related to nutritional behavior and taxonomy were conducted for green terror [1], [6], [7]. However, many relevant questions about reproductive biology, especially about the cycle of sexual maturation and reproductive endocrinology, remain undisclosed [6].…”

“…Few studies related to nutritional behavior and taxonomy were conducted for green terror [1], [6], [7]. However, many relevant questions about reproductive biology, especially about the cycle of sexual maturation and reproductive endocrinology, remain undisclosed [6]. The hypothalamicpituitary-gonad (HPG) axis is the central paradigm in the study of the reproduction biology, which can be affected by environmental, endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, and intracrine factors [8]- [10].…”

“…In farming green terrors, an alternative for reproductive management is the use of tilapia pituitary, which has a homology and provides interesting results in in vitro and in vivo cultures in tilapia [10]. Another is the use of fortified foods to achieve high productivity and controlled spawning of captive wild breeders [6].…”