Lectins:  Carbohydrate-Specific Proteins That Mediate Cellular Recognition

Lis, Halina; Sharon, Nathan

doi:10.1021/cr940413g

Cited by 1,720 publications

(1,454 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…As expected, all of these cells have reasonable binding affinities with RCA 120, which suggests that the cells express high level of d ‐galactose (Gal) residues in their surface glycans. This phenomenon is consistent with previous studies 51, 52, 53. All 4 cell lines herein have strongly binding behaviors with 9 lectins including wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), maackia amurensis lectin I (MAL I), erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL), phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA‐E+L), LCA, datura stramonium lectin (DSL), maackia amurensis lectin II (MAL II), PSA, and RCA 120, which indicates that the carbohydrate residues on these cellular surfaces have partial consistency.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Uncovering the Binding Specificities of Lectins with Cells for Precision Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Based on Multimodal Imaging

et al. 2018

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There is a high desire for novel targets/biomarkers to diagnose and treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, an approach starting from a polyacrylamide hydrogel–based lectin microarray is presented to screen the high expression of glycans on the CRC cell surface and to identify new lectin biomarkers for CRC. Three common CRC cell lines (SW480, SW620, and HCT116) and one normal colon cell line (NCM460) are profiled on the microarray with 27 lectins. The experimental results reveal that CRC cells highly express the glycans with d‐galactose, d‐glucose, and/or sialic acid residues, and Uelx Europaeus Agglutinin‐I (UEA‐I) exhibits reasonable specificity with SW480 cells. After conjugation of UEA‐I with silica‐coated NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles, the follow‐up in vitro and in vivo experiments provide further evidence on that UEA‐I can serve as tumor‐targeting molecule to diagnose SW480 tumor by multimodal imaging including upconversion luminescence imaging, T 1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and X‐ray computed tomography imaging.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Uncovering the Binding Specificities of Lectins with Cells for Precision Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Based on Multimodal Imaging

et al. 2018

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“…To ensure that carbohydrates on MGNP retain their binding abilities, the interaction between various MGNPs with a mannose binding lectin, concanavalin A (Con A), 8 was first investigated. Carbohydrate-lectin interaction 9 is central in devising our biosensor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic Glyco-nanoparticles: A Unique Tool for Rapid Pathogen Detection, Decontamination, and Strain Differentiation

2007

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The appealing mechanisms by which nanocomposites knit biomolecules not only lend credence in designing novel nanosensors but considerably advance medical applications. 1 Recent headline news about Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination in produce and Bacillus anthracis attacks pinpoint the urgent need for an effective method for microbial decontamination and rapid detection without time-consuming cell culturing. It is known that many bacteria use mammalian cell surface carbohydrates as anchors for attachments, which subsequently results in infection. 2 The unique combination of magnetic nanocomposites and diverse carbohydrate bioactivities prompts us to embark on a biosensing research program. Herein, we report a magnetic glyco-nanoparticle (MGNP)-based system to not only detect E. coli within 5 min, but also remove up to 88% of the target bacteria from the medium. Furthermore, the identities of three different E. coli strains were easily determined on the basis of the response patterns to two MGNPs highlighting their potential in biosensing.It is advantageous to use magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) for detection. The high surface/volume ratio offers more contact surface area for attaching carbohydrates and for capturing pathogens. 3 The sizes of NPs are typically about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than a bacterium, which allows the attachment of multiple NPs onto a bacterial cell rendering easy magnet-mediated separation. 3,4 Moreover, the small NPs have faster kinetics in solution as compared to their micrometer-sized counterparts, which can result in fast detection.Our journey commenced with functionalization of silica-coated magnetite NP (NP 1) with D-mannose (Man) through either a triazole linker (MGNP 2) formed by the [2+3] Huisgen reaction 5 or an amide linkage (MGNP 3) (Schemes 1 and S1). With our covalent approach, 6 all carbohydrates are uniformly oriented on the NP surface, which is crucial for high performances in cell-capturing studies. 7 All MGNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analyses, and IR spectroscopy ( Figures S1-4).To ensure that carbohydrates on MGNP retain their binding abilities, the interaction between various MGNPs with a mannose binding lectin, concanavalin A (Con A), 8 was first investigated. Carbohydrate-lectin interaction 9 is central in devising our biosensor. After mixing NPs with fluorescein-labeled Con A, a magnetic field was applied to the mixture through a handheld magnet inducing aggregation of magnetic NPs on the side of the vial. The residual fluorescence of supernatants was then recorded ( Figure S5). With MGNP 3, the emission intensity of the supernatant decreased 87% indicating that most Con A was removed by 3. Triazole linked MGNP 2 was less efficient accounting for a 60% emission decrease probably because of the low efficiency of the Huisgen reaction with immobilized alkynes. 5 NP 1 without carbohydrates (control) did not remove any Con A, proving that the separation of Con A is due to its interaction...

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“…The popularity of the first two reviews brought many invitations to write other ones; some I prepared myself, as the one in Scientific American in 1977, but many more were co-authored with Halina, the most recent one for Chemical Reviews (Lis & Sharon, 1998). Together we wrote a book, Lectins (Sharon & Lis, 1989a), a second enlarged edition of which we are now preparing.…”

Section: The Science 1972 Landmark Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Lectins: From obscurity into the limelight

Sharon

1998

Protein Science

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My involvement with lectins is a striking example of the unpredictability of scientific research. 1 entered the field inadvertently and my path was shaped largely by chance observations and fortuitous personal encounters. It was further driven by my curiosity and the desire to contribute to human well being. The result was an intellectual adventure, exciting and rewarding.In 1962 I started working on soybean agglutinin (SBA) together with Halina Lis, with whom it has been my good fortune to collaborate all these years. It was the first of several lectins, each unique in its own way, studied extensively in my laboratory. SBA aroused our curiosity not because of its ability to bind sugars specifically and reversibly or to agglutinate cells, the hallmarks of proteins of this class, but because of other reasons that I shall presently mention. We did not have the slightest idea that lectins could be used for the detection and isolation of glycoproteins, for the investigation of carbohydrates on cell surfaces, or for cell fractionation, as demonstrated later in my laboratory and elsewhere. Neither did we imagine that they would provide important insights into the molecular basis of protein-carbohydrate interactions, nor that they would be found to function as mediators of cell recognition. In fact, for a time we were not even aware of the term lectin. This term (from the Latin, fegere, to pick up or choose)

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Lectins: Carbohydrate-Specific Proteins That Mediate Cellular Recognition

Cited by 1,720 publications

References 188 publications

Uncovering the Binding Specificities of Lectins with Cells for Precision Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Based on Multimodal Imaging

Uncovering the Binding Specificities of Lectins with Cells for Precision Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Based on Multimodal Imaging

Magnetic Glyco-nanoparticles: A Unique Tool for Rapid Pathogen Detection, Decontamination, and Strain Differentiation

Lectins: From obscurity into the limelight

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