LED Illumination for High-Quality High-Yield Crop Growth in Protected Cropping Environments

Abstract

Vegetables and herbs play a central role in the human diet due to their low fat and calory content and essential antioxidant, phytochemicals, and fiber. It is well known that the manipulation of light wavelengths illuminating the crops can enhance their growth rate and nutrient contents. To date, it has not been easy to generalize the effects of LED illumination because of the differences in the plant species investigated, the measured traits, the way wavelengths have been manipulated, and the plants’ growing environments. In order to address this gap, we undertook a quantitative review of LED manipulation in relation to plant traits, focusing on vegetables and herbs. Here, we use standardized measurements of biomass, antioxidant, and other quantitative characteristics together with the whole range of the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Overall, our review revealed support for the claims that the red and blue LED illumination is more reliable and efficient than full spectrum illumination and increases the plant’s biomass and nutritional value by enhancing the photosynthetic activity, antioxidant properties, phenolic, and flavonoids contents. Although LED illumination provides an efficient way to improve yield and modify plant properties, this study also highlights the broad range of responses among species, varieties traits, and the age of plant material.

Growth, leaf anatomy, and photosynthesis of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings in response to four light-emitting diodes and high pressure sodium lamp

“…This LED light can be used in the growth chamber to replace HSP during the study of cotton seedlings. Considering that the optimal illumination is not only species-speci c but also stagespeci c (Rahman, et al, 2021), we suggest that LED 2 may be not necessarily suitable for cotton yield formation and ber development. Ratios of any two colors relative to the photosynthetic photon ux density (PPFD) of each light source.…”

“…Plants require photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with wavelengths ranging from 400 to 700 nm for photosynthesis (Carruthers et al, 2001). Changes in light quality can alter both plant shape and photosynthetic responses, albeit the consequences vary widely between species (Brown et al, 1995;Rahman et al, 2021). Red wavelengths are most effective for triggering photosynthetic activity (Hogewoning et al, 2012).…”

IoT-based LED Lighting System with Variable Pulsing Frequency and Dark Periods for Sunflower Microgreens

“…A red-blue (R: B) ratio of (75:25) [15] was used in all the experiments. 1) Hardware: In designing lighting systems, the size of the lighting fixture is directly proportional to the illumination uniformity [39]. An increase in the lighting field increases the photon capture efficiency as well as power consumption.…”

The Effect of LED Grow Light Photoperiods on Indoor Hydroponic Lettuce Farming

“…The elements are the Light Emitting Diode (LED) growing lights, growing medium and nutrient solutions. LED grow lights are luminaries with the use of LED chips in a modern and efficient way to produce light for growing plants [13,14]. Colour variations of the LED have been shown to have a direct impact on plants' growth rate [15,16].…”