LED lamps waste in Canada: Generation and characterization

Kumar, Amit; Kuppusamy, Vinoth Kumar; Holuszko, Maria; Song, Shulei; Loschiavo, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.04.006

Cited by 57 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The most significant are the Ga, In and the rare earths. A point to consider within the circular economy would be the recovery of these metals, through green and clean technologies, based on end-of-life techniques of the LEDs components, as well as recent studies support [41,43,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LCA Case Study to LED Outdoor Luminaries as a Circular Economy Solution to Local Scale

et al. 2019

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The replacement of luminaires with discharge lamps with high luminous efficacy and long life-time LED based equipment is a reality worldwide promoted by policies that favor their gradual substitution. There is a great concern in this manufacturing industry to develop new luminaires with low environmental impact during the manufacturing and transportation processes and its end-of-life disposal (reducing greenhouse gas emissions, toxic or hazardous components, …). Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a very extended tool used to provide information on the quality and quantity of environmental impacts in the life cycle phases of any product, system, or service. This article includes all phases of the LCA analysis of a selected streetlight LED luminaire manufactured by a SME where a landfill deposit is the end-of-life scenario. In a second phase, alternatives are sought for the reuse of the most significant elements that improve its local economy. The results are classified and sorted according to the ISO 14040 standard.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxic heavy metals (such as As, Fe, Cu, etc.) that may threaten the environment (soil and underground water pollution) or the health of humans/animals, reported in some works [48][49][50][51][52], are not found in the LED model used.…”

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confidence: 99%

LCA Case Study to LED Outdoor Luminaries as a Circular Economy Solution to Local Scale

et al. 2019

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“…Our review of articles retrieved from the Web of Science, and regulatory policies primarily in China, but extended to other countries informed our selection of 13 WEEE for this research (Andrae and Andersenl, 2010;Bae, 2016;Barba-Gutierrez et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2018;Chung et al, 2011;Control, 2004;Cucchiella et al, 2015;Dhiego Raphael Rodrigues Araujo et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2019;Li et al, 2008;Lim et al, 2013;Matsuto et al, 2004;Minxi Wang, 2018;Oguchi et al, 2011Oguchi et al, , 2013Puneet et al, 2005;Renteria et al, 2011;Song et al, 2015;Taghipour et al, 2014;Tunsu et al, 2014;Yamasue et al, 2009;Zamprogno Rebello et al, 2020;Zeng et al, 2016). We included Incandescent Bulb (IB), Compact Fluorescent Lighting (CFL), Light Emitting Diode (LED) Bulb, Mobile Phone (MP), Desktop Computer (DC), Laptop Computer (LC), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitor, CRT TV, Plasma Display Panel (PDP) TV, LCD TV, Washing Machine (WM), Refrigerator (RF), Air Conditioner (AC).…”

Section: Metal Contents For Weee and Components By Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effectiveness of technical and regulatory innovations to reduce the burden of electronic waste

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) contain toxic metals and organic compounds, posing significant threats to human health and environmental quality. The risks vary according to equipment types and components that are influenced by innovations in technical configuration and regulatory policy. To disentangle the relative impacts of these influences in protecting health and environment, we investigated 13 WEEE and 14 components using a life cycle impact assessment procedure. Additionally, we analyzed Waste Mobile Phones (WMPs) and Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs) from computers manufactured between 2002 and 2010 to identify trends of toxic chemicals and potential adverse impacts associated with technological configurations and regulatory policies. The results show that, among WEEE, Cathode Ray Tube TV presented the highest carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity toxicity potential. Waste Air Conditioner posed the highest potential for ecotoxicity. Among electronic components, Waste Organic Light Emitting Diode displays posed the highest potential risk for carcinogenesis, whereas WPCBs from laptop computers posed the highest potential risk for non-cancer diseases. Solid State Drives posed the highest risks for ecotoxicity. Chromium was associated with risk of carcinogenesis and non-cancer diseases; whereas Al and Fe posed the highest potential for ecotoxicological impacts. During the period covered by the study, innovations in technological configurations and regulatory policies demonstrably reduced the potential toxicity risks posed by E-waste, attributable to reduction in the concentrations of toxic organic chemicals in WMPs/WPCBs. These results advance current understanding of strategies to reduce the risks posed by WEEE through coordination of technological innovations and regulatory policies.

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“…In 2016, out of 0.7 Mt of waste lamps generated worldwide, about 49,0 0 0 tons (7%) of LED lights entered the waste streams. Kumar et al forecast that in Canada, in 2021, about 20% of the waste lamps would be LED lamps ( Kumar et al, 2019 ). Although the share of waste LED lamps in the waste stream is increasing, suitable end-of-life (EoL) management solution is yet to be found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of LED lamp recycling process from the 10 R strategy perspective

Rahman

Pompidou

Alix

et al. 2021

Sustainable Production and Consumption

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Recycling LED lamp technology requires a change from the traditional bulk material-based recovery process. Unlike preceding lighting technology, LED lamps cannot be recycled to meet the regulatory minimum recycling rate of 80% due to multi-materials, including small quantity precious metals, which reduce the sorting efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how the challenges have been approached in the scientific literature in this context. The review article investigates the circular solutions to the challenges that the end of life LED lamp management is facing. This review applies PRISMA systematic literature review to locate the relevant studies and investigate whether the proposed processes can increase the recycling rate, using the circular economy strategy as a theoretical framework. Several recycling processes have been proposed in the academic literature. However, the techniques have not been evaluated against the circular economy strategies to identify current gaps and possible ways. This review attempts to fill this gap by assessing the current approaches against the 10 R strategies (refuse, rethink, reconsider, reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle and recover). The study suggests that recycling is the dominant strategy, but the higher R strategies such as reuse, repair, and remanufacture have also been discussed as potential life extension strategies. The study concludes by proposing an integrated treatment approach that focuses on higher R's (reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture and repurpose) instead of focusing on lower R's (e.g., recycling).

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LED lamps waste in Canada: Generation and characterization

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

LCA Case Study to LED Outdoor Luminaries as a Circular Economy Solution to Local Scale

LCA Case Study to LED Outdoor Luminaries as a Circular Economy Solution to Local Scale

Comparative effectiveness of technical and regulatory innovations to reduce the burden of electronic waste

A review of LED lamp recycling process from the 10 R strategy perspective

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