Left atrial anatomy and physiology

Seward, James B.; Hebl, Virginia B.

doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000089

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…One consistent observation with progressive DD has been that dilation of the left atrium occurs concurrently . This dilation is also often accompanied by a progressive increase in interstitial fibrosis and deterioration in LA function .…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of Left Atrial Evaluation In Heart Faimentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Subsequently, the LA wall shortens again during LA systole (LA active emptying), also referred as LA booster pump function. Left atrial systolic function is governed by the same factors that govern LV systolic function, namely diastolic myocardial length (the Frank–Starling mechanism), afterload, and myocardial contractility …”

Section: Normal Left Atrial Morphology and Mechanical Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size and mechanical function of the left atrium are strongly related to the degree of LV diastolic dysfunction (DD) (i.e. elevated LV filling pressure is transmitted back into the LA) . In a cross‐sectional sample of Olmsted County (MN, USA) echocardiographically diagnosed grade II DD in residents ≥45 years of age ( n = 2042) was associated with a 24% and grade III–IV DD, with a 62% larger LA volume ( P < 0.0001 for both) .…”

Section: Global Left Atrial Failure In Heart Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Global left atrial failure in heart failure

Triposkiadis

Pieske

Butler

et al. 2016

European J of Heart Fail

127

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The left atrium plays an important role in the maintenance of cardiovascular and neurohumoral homeostasis in heart failure. However, with progressive left ventricular dysfunction, left atrial (LA) dilation and mechanical failure develop, which frequently culminate in atrial fibrillation. Moreover, LA mechanical failure is accompanied by LA endocrine failure [deficient atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) processing-synthesis/development of ANP resistance) and LA regulatory failure (dominance of sympathetic nervous system excitatory mechanisms, excessive vasopressin release) contributing to neurohumoral overactivity, vasoconstriction, and volume overload (global LA failure). The purpose of the present review is to describe the characteristics and emphasize the clinical significance of global LA failure in patients with heart failure.

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Section: Clinical Significance Of Left Atrial Evaluation In Heart Faimentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Normal Left Atrial Morphology and Mechanical Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Global Left Atrial Failure In Heart Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Global left atrial failure in heart failure

Triposkiadis

Pieske

Butler

et al. 2016

European J of Heart Fail

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Due to recent developments in cardiovascular imaging, several echocardiographic, computed X-ray tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging techniques become available not only for LA volumetric, but also contractility assessment. 2,7,[9][10][11] Real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) was found to be an alternative for LA volumetric measurements, 7 but the newly developed 3DSTE offers an opportunity for simultaneous assessment of LA volumes, volume-based functional properties, and strains using the same virtual 3D LA cast. 2,3,8 It allows a non-invasive, rapid, relatively low-cost examination of all phases of LA function without need for contrast or radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 The LA serves as a reservoir during LV systole, as a conduit during early diastole, and as a booster pump during late diastole. 1,[9][10][11] LA volumes obtained by 3D echocardiography are a better index of LA size than LA diameter. Moreover, not only diagnostic, but also prognostic impact of LA strains is confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between left atrial volumes and strains in healthy adults: Detailed analysis from the three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR‐Healthy Study

Nemes

Kormányos

Domsik

et al. 2021

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Introduction:Little is known about the relationship between left atrium (LA) volumes and contractility features along the cardiac cycle. The present study aimed to assess, by threedimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE), correlations between LA volumes, volume-based functional properties, and strains during the cardiac cycle in healthy adults.Methods: We included 217 healthy adult volunteers (mean age 33.4 ± 12.7 years, 112 males) who underwent complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography with 3DSTE.Results: LA stroke volumes were greater in subjects with the greater maximum LA volume (V max ) in reservoir, conduit, and booster pump phases of LA function. While LA emptying fraction in LA reservoir phase was not different between subjects depending in their V max value, a significantly lower LA emptying fraction could be detected in LA conduit phase in subjects whose V max was >50 mL. In booster pump function, LA emptying fraction was not significantly different whatever the V max .Only global and mean segmental peak LA radial strain (RS) and 3D strain (3DS) and the same strains at atrial contraction appeared greater in subjects with greater V max , whereas the other strain parameters were not different. Conclusions:In healthy subjects, LA-RS and LA-3DS, objective features of LA contractility, are greater in subjects with greater LA volumes up to a point beyond which this association disappears.

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Correlations between vegetative autonomic function and specific left atrial functions in healthy adults: Insights from the three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR‐Healthy Study

Nemes,

Kormányos,

Orosz

et al. 2023

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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IntroductionThe functioning of the left atrium (LA) is partly controlled by the neural system. It was purposed to evaluate correlations between the result of Ewing's 5 standard cardiovascular reflex tests (SCRTs) characterizing autonomic function and LA volumetric and functional features as assessed by three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) in healthy individuals.Materials and MethodsThe current study comprised 18 healthy volunteers being in sinus rhythm (mean age: 35 ± 12 years, 10 men). Measurement of blood pressure, ECG, 5 SCRTs, two‐dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE were performed. These parameters were in normal ranges in all cases.ResultsFrom LA volumetric parameters, only systolic total atrial emptying fraction (r = 0.559, p = 0.037) and early diastolic passive atrial emptying fraction (r = 0.539, p = 0.047) correlated with systolic blood pressure response to standing representing sympathetic autonomic function. From LA strains, peak mean segmental LA radial strain (RS) (r = −0.532, p = 0.050), global and mean segmental LA circumferential strain (CS) (r = 0.662, p = 0.010 and r = 0.635, p = 0.015, respectively) representing systolic LA function correlated with Valsalva ratio representing parasympathetic autonomic function. Global LA‐RS (r = −0.713, p = 0.040) and LA‐CS (r = 0.657, p = 0.011) and mean segmental LA‐CS (r = 0.723, p = 0.003) at atrial contraction representing end‐diastolic atrial contraction showed correlations with Valsalva ratio, as well. Peak global and mean segmental LA‐CS (r = 0.532, p = 0.050 and r = 0.530, p = 0.050) and the same strains at atrial contraction (r = 0.704, p = 0.005 and r = 0.690, p = 0.006) representing systolic function and end‐diastolic atrial contraction correlated with systolic blood pressure response to standing representing both parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic functions.ConclusionsSignificant correlations between features of vegetative autonomic function represented by Ewing's 5 SCRTs and specific LA functions represented by 3DSTE‐derived LA volume‐based functional properties and strains could be demonstrated in healthy adults.

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Left atrial anatomy and physiology

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Global left atrial failure in heart failure

Global left atrial failure in heart failure

Correlations between left atrial volumes and strains in healthy adults: Detailed analysis from the three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR‐Healthy Study

Correlations between vegetative autonomic function and specific left atrial functions in healthy adults: Insights from the three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR‐Healthy Study

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