Left atrial size, atrial function and left ventricular diastolic function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Linney, Chris; Dukes‐McEwan, J.; Stephenson, Hannah; López-Alvarez, Jordi; Fonfara, Sonja

doi:10.1111/jsap.12186

Cited by 52 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The clinical and prognostic value of LA size (determined echocardiographically) in cats with HCM has been repeatedly demonstrated, and thus is often used as a clinical surrogate of clinical severity and hemodynamic burden 5, 19, 31, 32, 33, 34. In our study, LV free wall thickness, RV chamber size, and RV function (as assessed by 2D TAPSE) were independently correlated with LA size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Size and Function in Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Visser

Sloan

Stern

2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundStudies evaluating right ventricular (RV) structural and functional abnormalities in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are limited.HypothesisRight ventricular structural and functional abnormalities are present in cats with HCM and are associated with clinical severity.AnimalsEighty‐one client‐owned cats.MethodsRetrospective 2‐dimensional (2D) echocardiographic study. Right atrial diameter (RAD), RV free wall thickness (RVFWd), RV internal dimension (RVIDd), RV fractional area change (FAC), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were measured in control cats (n = 26), cats with subclinical HCM (subclinical HCM; n = 31), and cats with HCM and congestive heart failure (HCM + CHF; n = 24).ResultsRight heart size (RAD, RVFWd, and RVIDd) and RV function (FAC and TAPSE) significantly (all P < .05) increased and decreased, respectively, in the HCM + CHF group compared with controls. In the subclinical HCM group, only RVFWd was significantly (P < .05) higher than in controls. Compared with reference intervals derived from controls, 29% of cats with HCM had increased RVFWd. Increased left ventricular free wall thickness, increased RVIDd and decreased TAPSE independently correlated with increased left atrial size. Cats with HCM and pleural effusion were significantly more likely to have increased RVFWd and had increased RAD and decreased TAPSE compared with cats without pleural effusion.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRight ventricular remodeling and dysfunction occur in some cats with HCM and may be associated with clinical severity. Our results support involvement of RV in the pathophysiology of HCM in some cats and support echocardiographic assessment of the RV in cats with HCM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Size and Function in Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Visser

Sloan

Stern

2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Therefore, detecting cardiac chamber dilatation is crucial for stratifying patients with cardiac disease, and the recommended way to assess LA dilatation in people now is the use of volumetric methods . In cats with cardiac disease, LA volume and LA EF, obtained from volume measurement over the cardiac cycle, have been reported to be useful diagnostic and prognostic echocardiographic variables, showing better performance when compared to simple diameter measurements . One study comparing LA/Ao with LA volume assessment in a population of dogs with MMVD showed that mild LA dilatation could be detected in some dogs only by measuring LA volume, but not LA diameter .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic value of echocardiographic indices of left atrial morphology and function in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Toaldo

Romito

Guglielmini

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundThe prognostic relevance of left atrial (LA) morphological and functional variables, including those derived from speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), has been little investigated in veterinary medicine.ObjectivesTo assess the prognostic value of several echocardiographic variables, with a focus on LA morphological and functional variables in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).AnimalsOne‐hundred and fifteen dogs of different breeds with MMVD.MethodsProspective cohort study. Conventional morphologic and echo‐Doppler variables, LA areas and volumes, and STE‐based LA strain analysis were performed in all dogs. A survival analysis was performed to test for the best echocardiographic predictors of cardiac‐related death.ResultsMost of the tested variables, including all LA STE‐derived variables were univariate predictors of cardiac death in Cox proportional hazard analysis. Because of strong correlation between many variables, only left atrium to aorta ratio (LA/Ao > 1.7), mitral valve E wave velocity (MV E vel > 1.3 m/s), LA maximal volume (LAVmax > 3.53 mL/kg), peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS < 30%), and contraction strain index (CSI per 1% increase) were entered in the univariate analysis, and all were predictors of cardiac death. However, only the MV E vel (hazard ratio [HR], 4.45; confidence interval [CI], 1.76‐11.24; P < .001) and LAVmax (HR, 2.32; CI, 1.10‐4.89; P = .024) remained statistically significant in the multivariable analysis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe assessment of LA dimension and function provides useful prognostic information in dogs with MMVD. Considering all the LA variables, LAVmax appears the strongest predictor of cardiac death, being superior to LA/Ao and STE‐derived variables.

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“…125,136,246,248,254,256,257 Approaches include single and bi-plane length-area or Simpson's methods for estimating volumes and application of different M-mode cursor planes to measure fractional change. These are not widely used but should gain greater favor with adoption of bi-plane 2D and 3D methods.…”

Section: Atrial Functional Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…125,145,149,150,193,194,198,249,257,[277][278][279][280]315,[427][428][429][430][431][432][433][434][435][436] Most cases are presumed to have a genetic basis, but only a small number of mutations have thus far been elucidated. 125,145,149,150,193,194,198,249,257,[277][278][279][280]315,[427][428][429][430][431][432][433][434][435][436] Most cases are presumed to have a genetic basis, but only a small number of mutations have thus far been elucidated.…”

Section: Etiologies Of Cardiomyopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiography

Bonagura¹,

Fuentes²

2015

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound

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Left atrial size, atrial function and left ventricular diastolic function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Cited by 52 publications

References 40 publications

Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Size and Function in Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Size and Function in Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Prognostic value of echocardiographic indices of left atrial morphology and function in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Echocardiography

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