Left atrial volume and function in dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease

Höllmer, M.; Willesen, Jakob L.; Tolver, Anders; Koch, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2016.08.006

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Because LA is a 3‐dimensional structure, LA dilatation may occur in all directions (ie, cranio‐caudal, medio‐lateral, and ventro‐dorsal) although perhaps not uniformly . Traditionally, LA size is estimated using 1‐dimensional or 2‐dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) measurements of LA diameter or LA area, respectively . Measurement of LA diameter commonly is estimated in the 2DE parasternal short‐axis or long‐axis view and indexed to aortic (Ao) diameter or body weight (BW) by use of allometric scaling .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of LA diameter commonly is estimated in the 2DE parasternal short‐axis or long‐axis view and indexed to aortic (Ao) diameter or body weight (BW) by use of allometric scaling . Left atrial area measurements to derive LA volumes by use of monoplane or biplane Simpson's modified method of discs (SMOD) or the area‐length method (ALM) recently have been recommended . However, both algorithms are dependent on assumptions of a predefined geometrical elliptical or spherical form of LA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between real‐time 3‐dimensional and 2‐dimensional biplane echocardiographic assessment of left atrial volumes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Tidholm

Bodegård-Westling²,

Höglund

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Assessment of left atrial (LA) size is important in medical decision making and prognostication in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Real‐time 3‐dimensional (RT3DE) and 2‐dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) methods may be used to assess LA size. Objectives To compare measured LA volumes obtained by RT3DE with those calculated by biplane Simpson's modified method of discs (SMOD) and the area‐length method (ALM) using the same RT3DE acquisition with the same timing. Animals One hundred twenty‐one privately owned dogs with naturally occurring MMVD. Methods Prospective observational study comparing LA volumes indexed to body weight using RT3DE and 2DE‐based biplane SMOD and ALM. Agreement between methods was evaluated using Bland‐Altman plots and linear regression analyses. Results Estimations of LA volume using SMOD or ALM did not show good agreement with RT3DE‐derived measurements. Absolute differences between methods increased with increasing LA volume, but SMOD underestimated whereas ALM overestimated calculated volumes compared to RT3DE‐derived measurements. The difference in LA volume between RT3DE and the biplane methods showed a systematic underestimation of 7% for SMOD and a systematic overestimation of 24% for ALM. Comparison of LA volumes obtained by SMOD and ALM did not show good agreement. The ALM yielded 30% larger LA volumes compared to SMOD. Conclusion and Clinical Importance In comparison with RT3DE, SMOD systematically underestimated whereas ALM systematically overestimated LA volumes in dogs with MMVD. Because the systematic difference between RT3DE and SMOD was only 7%, SMOD might be considered the method of choice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between real‐time 3‐dimensional and 2‐dimensional biplane echocardiographic assessment of left atrial volumes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Tidholm

Bodegård-Westling²,

Höglund

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The area-length method (ALM; Figure 3A) or monoplane or biplane Simpson's modified method of discs (SMOD; Figure 3B) is currently recommended to measure LA area derived from the LA volume [43][44][45][46]. In human, the biplane method from four-and two-chamber views is preferred to measure the LA volume [47].…”

Section: The Methods For Measurement Of Left Atrial To Aortic Root Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the LAVmax > 3.53 mL/kg indicated high mortality risk in dogs with MMVD. Evaluation of the LA function may help to determine the severity of heart failure in dogs with MMVD [40,44]. The LA function consists of three components: it acts as a reservoir for pulmonary venous (PV) return during ventricular systole (atrial diastole), as a conduit for the passage of stored blood from LA to LV during early ventricular diastole and diastasis, and as an active pump delivering 15-30% of LV filling during late ventricular diastole (atrial systole) [51].…”

Section: The Methods For Measurement Of Left Atrial To Aortic Root Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic Features in Canine Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease: An Animal Model for Human Mitral Valve Prolapse

Suh¹,

Lu²,

Choi³

et al. 2021

Advanced Concepts in Endocarditis - 2021

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Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common heart disease in dogs and has many similarities to human mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Transthoracic echocardiography is a non-invasive method for making a diagnosis and predicting the progression of heart failure (HF) in dogs and humans with mitral regurgitation (MR). It enables clinicians to detect the mitral valve (MV) lesions, to evaluate MR severity, and to assess its impact on cardiac remodeling, myocardial function, left ventricular (LV) filling pressures, as well as pulmonary arterial pressure. Furthermore, advanced ultrasound technologies such as tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), strain and strain rate imaging, and two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) provide a better assessment of global and regional myocardial function. Although the severity of MR and HF in dogs with MMVD is being evaluated as similar to human cardiology, the veterinary cardiologists are more focused on the severity of cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction caused by MR, because surgical restoration of defected mitral apparatus is rarely done in dogs. The chapter will review conventional echocardiographic features of MMVD in dogs to provide a better understanding of the similarities and discrepancies between canine MMVD and human MVP to veterinary and human cardiologists and researchers.

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“…The diagnosis of MMVD was based on the combination of following criteria: the presence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and/or thickening of the mitral valve lea ets by 2-D echocardiography on right parasternal long-axis view, and identi cation of mitral valve regurgitation on left apical 4-chamber view by color Doppler examination (46,47).…”

Section: Case Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with different stages of heart failure

Rubio

Sarıl

Kocatürk

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Heart failure (HF) has been associated with changes in inflammatory and oxidative-stress biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of a panel of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarker in dogs with different stages of HF and its relation with the severity of the disease and the echocardiographic changes. Dogs with HF as a result of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration or dilated cardiomyopathy were included. A total of 29 dogs were classified as stage-A (healthy), B (asymptomatic dogs), C (symptomatic dogs) and D (dogs with end-stage-HF) according to the ACVIM-staging-system. Serum cytokines, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were evaluated.Results: KC-like as an inflammatory cytokine was significantly increased in dogs of stage-C (P<0.01) and -D (P<0.05) compared with stage-A and -B. Stage-D Dogs showed significantly higher serum CRP and Hp (P<0.05) but lower serum anti-oxidant capacity (PON1, TEAC, CUPRAC, and thiol) compared to stage-A and -B (P<0.05). After the treatment, serum levels of CRP, Hp and KC-like decreased but serum anti-oxidant levels increased compared to their pre-treatment values. Left ventricular dimension and LA/Ao ratio correlated positively with CRP, MCP-1, and KC-like but negatively with PON1, GM-CSF, IL-7 and antioxidant biomarkers (P<0.01). Conclusion: our results indicated that dogs with advanced-stages of HF show increases in positive acute-phase proteins and selected inflammatory cytokines (KC-like), and decreases in antioxidant biomarkers, indicating that inflammation and oxidative-stress act as collaborative partners in the pathogenesis of HF. Some of these biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress could be tested as new biomarkers to monitor the severity of the disease and the effect of treatment.

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Left atrial volume and function in dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease

Cited by 39 publications

References 40 publications

Comparison between real‐time 3‐dimensional and 2‐dimensional biplane echocardiographic assessment of left atrial volumes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Comparison between real‐time 3‐dimensional and 2‐dimensional biplane echocardiographic assessment of left atrial volumes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Echocardiographic Features in Canine Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease: An Animal Model for Human Mitral Valve Prolapse

Changes of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with different stages of heart failure

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