Left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cattle: recent developments in epidemiological and etiological aspects

Abstract

-The research with respect to displacement of the abomasum (DA) in dairy cattle is reviewed. Evaluated articles describe epidemiological and experimental studies. The occurrence is elevated with regard to breed, gender, age, concurrent diseases, environmental aspects and production levels as contributing factors and emphasis is placed on the effects of nutrition and metabolism. Reviewing the experimental work, distinction is made between the research into gas production in the abomasum and hypomotility of the abomasum, since both represent presumed pathways in the development of DA. Although the different fields of research have positive contributions to the understanding of the pathogenesis of DA, contradictions in the different studies are present. This is partly due to extrapolation of results from sheep to cows, or because of a low number of cows in the experiments. Finally, general suggestions are made for further research in the field of the pathogenesis of DA. abomasal displacements / risk factors / etiology / review

Metabolic indicators and risk factors of left displaced abomasum in dairy cattle

“…Additionally, high serum NEFA levels during the pre-partum period have been associated with subsequent development of LDA (Leblanc et al 2005). Hypocalcemia with related abomasal atony may also be implicated (van Winden and Kuiper 2003). Serum concentrations of NEFA and BHB measure mobilization and oxidation of fat, respectively, and reflect the success of a cow in adapting to NEB (Herdt 2000).…”

“…In the early lactation, insulin and glucose blood levels reduce, whereas non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level in the blood increase. A severe NEB has been associated with result in an increased risk for DA and other metabolic disease (Shaver 1997, van Winden and Kuiper 2003, Grummer et al 2004, Serbester et al 2012.…”

Changes in serum lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and apolipoprotein B-100 in dairy cattle either with 1-7 Days in milk displaced abomasum or with 8-21 Days in milk displaced abomasum

“…Affected cows produce less milk at least in the short term (Raizman and Santos, 2002;Van Winden and Kuiper, 2003) and have a higher culling rate (GrÖhn et al, 1998;Raizman and Santos, 2002;Radostits et al, 2007) that may reach 10% (Van Winden and Kuiper, 2003).…”

Comparison of Fecal Microbiota between German Holstein Dairy Cows with and without Left-Sided Displacement of the Abomasum

“…DA requires veterinary intervention, and the typical clinical findings of this condition include anorexia and decreased milk production, as DA often occurs near parturition or during the early lactation period (2,3). Therefore, DA imposes a huge economic burden on dairy producers.…”

“…Hypomotility of the abomasum and increased abomasal gas production have been identified as the main mechanisms of action for gas accumulation in the abomasum (1,3,4). In a normal situation, the gas in the abomasum is expelled in the oral direction.…”