Left-right development from embryos to brains

Yost, H. Joseph

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6408(1998)23:3<159::aid-dvg1>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Until recently, the molecular basis of left-right asymmetry remained obscure. In the last few years, however, a complex cascade of events has started to be uncovered, involving secreted molecules and their receptors, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components, gap junctions and transcription factors (reviewed in [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]). Among these molecules, the secreted factors are particularly interesting because they point to the existence of non-cell-autonomous inductive events that generate or refine laterality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerberus regulates left–right asymmetry of the embryonic head and heart

et al. 1999

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerberus regulates left–right asymmetry of the embryonic head and heart

et al. 1999

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“…Cardiac looping is a term commonly used to characterize a sequence of positional and morphological changes by which the originally straight and symmetric heart tube becomes transformed into an asymmetric heart loop. The renewed interest taken by developmental biologists in cardiac looping arises mainly from the fact that the looping heart is the first organ of vertebrate embryos to develop morphological left‐right asymmetry (Icardo, 1996; Cooke and Isaac, 1998; Harvey, 1998b; Levin, 1998; Yost, 1998). Understanding the acquisition of left‐right body asymmetry is one of the fundamental topics of developmental biology (for recent reviews, see Brown et al, 1991; Beddington and Robertson, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac looping in the chick embryo: A morphological review with special reference to terminological and biomechanical aspects of the looping process

2000

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Understanding early cardiac morphogenesis, especially the process of cardiac looping, is of fundamental interest for diverse biomedical disciplines. During the past few years, remarkable progress has been made in identifying molecular signaling cascades involved in the control of cardiac looping. Given the rapid accumulation of new data on genetic, molecular, and cellular aspects of early cardiac morphogenesis, and given the widespread interest in cardiac looping, it seems worth reviewing those aspects of the looping process that have received less attention during the past few years. These are terminological problems, the “gross” morphological aspects, and the biomechanical concepts of cardiac looping. With respect to terminology, emphasis is given to the unperceived fact that different viewpoints exist as to which part of the normal sequence of morphogenetic events should be called cardiac looping. In a short‐term version, which is preferred by developmental biologists, cardiac looping is also called dextral‐ or rightward‐looping. Dextral‐looping comprises only those morphogenetic events leading to the transformation of the originally straight heart tube into a c‐shaped loop, whose convexity is normally directed toward the right of the body. Cardioembryologists, however, regard cardiac looping merely as a long‐term process that may continue until the subdivisions of the heart tube and vessel primordia have approximately reached their definitive topographical relationship to each other. Among cardioembryologists, therefore, three other definitions are used. Taking into account the existence of four different definitions of the term cardiac looping will prevent some confusion in communications on early cardiac morphogenesis. With respect to the gross morphological aspects, emphasis is given to the following points. First, the straight heart tube does not consist of all future regions of the mature heart but only of the primordia of the apical trabeculated regions of the future right and left ventricles, and possibly a part of the primitive conus (outflow tract). The remaining part of the primitive conus and the primordia of the great arteries (truncus arteriosus), the inflow of both ventricles, the primitive atria, and the sinus venosus only appear during looping at the arterial (truncus arteriosus) and venous pole (other primordia). Second, dextral‐looping is not simply a bending of the straight heart tube toward the right of the body, as it has frequently been misinterpreted. It results from three different morphogenetic events: (a) bending of the primitive ventricular region of the straight heart tube toward its original ventral side; (b) rotation or torsion of the bending ventricular region around a craniocaudal axis to the right of the body, so that the original ventral side of the heart tube finally forms the right convex curvature and the original dorsal side forms the left concave curvature of the c‐shaped heart loop; (c) displacement of the primitive conus to the right of the body by kinking wit...

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“…A conserved feature of nervous systems is that while they develop in a morphologically symmetrical pattern, they exhibit functional asymmetry [39]. In C. elegans, the ability to respond to different chemosensory cues is controlled by two bilateral taste receptor neurons [40].…”

Section: Neuronal Cell Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs in Development

Maatouk

Harfe

2006

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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Over 10 years ago, the lab of Victor Ambros cloned an unusual gene, lin-4, which encodes two small RNA transcripts[1]. In the past few years, hundreds more of these tiny transcripts, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), have been uncovered in over a dozen species. The functions of the first two miRNAs, lin-4 and let-7, were relatively easy to identify since they were found in forward genetic screens in Caenorhabditis elegans[1,2,3]. However, uncovering the functions of the growing list of miRNAs presents a challenge to developmental biologists. This review will describe our current understanding of how miRNAs regulate gene expression and will focus on the roles these noncoding RNAs play during the development of both invertebrate and vertebrate species.

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Left-right development from embryos to brains

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Cerberus regulates left–right asymmetry of the embryonic head and heart

Cerberus regulates left–right asymmetry of the embryonic head and heart

Cardiac looping in the chick embryo: A morphological review with special reference to terminological and biomechanical aspects of the looping process

MicroRNAs in Development

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