Left ventricular mass and wall thickness in hypertension

Salcedo, Ernesto E.; Gockowski, K; Tarazi, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(79)90225-x

Cited by 57 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There is a potential for variations in measured wall thickness, depending on the ultrasound beam angle to the LV wall and the assumption that the wall thickness is uniform throughout the LV. In addition, the assumed prolate ellipsoid shape of the LV is no longer valid in patients with LVH [23]. Furthermore, LVM as measured by M-mode echocardio graphy relies on linear measurements of wall thickness [12], which, when cubed, increase the standard deviation (SD) by a factor of 2–3.…”

Section: Imaging Hypertensive Lvhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in hypertensive heart disease

Janardhanan

Kramer

2011

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

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Hypertensive heart disease is the target organ response to arterial hypertension. Left ventricular hypertrophy represents an important predictor for cardiovascular events. Myocardial fibrosis, a common end point in hypertensive heart disease, has been linked to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Echocardiography is clinically useful in the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy and the assessment of diastolic function. Although echocardiography is more widely available, cardiac magnetic resonance has been demonstrated to be more reproducible for the estimation of left ventricular mass. Future developments in cardiac magnetic resonance techniques may facilitate the quantification of diffuse fibrosis that occurs in hypertensive heart disease. Thus, advances in cardiac imaging provide comprehensive, noninvasive tools for imaging left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis and ischemia observed in hypertensive heart disease. The objective of this article is to summarize the state-of-the-art and the future of multimodality imaging of hypertensive heart disease.

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Section: Imaging Hypertensive Lvhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in hypertensive heart disease

Janardhanan

Kramer

2011

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

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“…These assumptions are based on the cube form (18,23). They cannot apply equally to all individuals and may not be valid at all in hypertrophic (3) or distorted (22) ventricles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The error, which is known to increase in hypertrophic (3) and distorted (22) ventricles, might be enhanced by other cardiac abnormalities. The estimate would thus not solely reflect the LVM but includes aspects of abnormal heart shape, which might enhance the correlation to morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Several sources of error in estimation of left ventricular mass with M-mode echocardiography in elderly subjects

Barbier

Johansson

Lind

et al. 2011

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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IntroductionM-mode echocardiography estimates of the left ventricular mass (LVM) were greater than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) estimates. There are substantial differences between the methods both in the means of measuring and the calculation formula. The aim of this study was to investigate whether any difference in estimates of LVM between M-mode echocardiography and MRI is due to the means of measuring or to the calculation formula, using MRI as the gold standard.Material and methodsM-mode echocardiography and MRI were performed on 229 randomly selected 70-year-old community-living subjects. LVM was calculated from echocardiography (LVMecho) and from MRI (LVMMRI) measurements using standard techniques. Additionally LVM was calculated with the echocardiography formula from echo-mimicking measurements made on MR images (LVMMRI/ASE).ResultsThere were significant differences between all three LVM estimates in women, in men, and in the entire population. Echocardiography estimated LVM to be larger than did MRI, and the LVMMRI/ASE estimate was larger than the LVMMRI. The difference between LVMMRI and LVMMRI/ASE was larger than the difference between LVMecho and LVMMRI/ASE. There was a low correlation between LVMecho and LVMMRI (R2 = 0.46) as well as between LVMMRI/ASE and LVMMRI (R2 = 0.65).ConclusionThe means of measuring and the calculation formula both independently add to the error in LVM estimation with M-mode echocardiography. The error of the calculation formula seems to be greater than the error of the means of measuring in a population of community-living elderly men and women.

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“…20 Similar results were found in a study by Salcedo et al when they examined 43 dogs: LV mass was grossly overestimated by echocardiography using the Devereux formula (170.7 ± 62 g) as compared to pathological findings (103.5 ± 26 g). 21 In another study in mice, Gardin et al demonstrated that the echocardiographically determined LV masses were lower than those of necropsy LV masses indicating an underestimation. In this study the uncorrected cube formula was used without the specific myocardial density factor.…”

Section: Accuracy Of LV Mass Estimation By the Devereux Formulamentioning

confidence: 97%

Transthoracic echocardiography is a simple tool for size matching in cardiac xenotransplantation

Mokelke,

Bender,

Reichart

et al. 2024

Xenotransplantation

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BackgroundPreoperative size matching is essential for both allogeneic and xenogeneic heart transplantation. In preclinical pig‐to‐baboon xenotransplantation experiments, porcine donor organs are usually matched to recipients by using indirect parameters, such as age and total body weight. For clinical use of xenotransplantation, a more precise method of size measurement would be desirable to guarantee a “perfect match.” Here, we investigated the use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and described a new method to estimate organ size prior to xenotransplantation.MethodsHearts from n = 17 genetically modified piglets were analyzed by TTE and total heart weight (THW) was measured prior to xenotransplantation into baboons between March 2018 and April 2022. Left ventricular (LV) mass was calculated according to the previously published method by Devereux et al. and a newly adapted formula. Hearts from n = 5 sibling piglets served as controls for the determination of relative LV and right ventricular (RV) mass. After explantation, THW and LV and RV mass were measured.ResultsTHW correlated significantly with donor age and total body weight. The strongest correlation was found between THW and LV mass calculated by TTE. Compared to necropsy data of the control piglets, the Devereux formula underestimated both absolute and relative LV mass, whereas the adapted formula yielded better results. Combining the adapted formula and the relative LV mass data, THW can be predicted with TTE.ConclusionsWe demonstrate reliable LV mass estimation by TTE for size matching prior to xenotransplantation. An adapted formula provides more accurate results of LV mass estimation than the generally used Devereux formula in the xenotransplantation setting. TTE measurement of LV mass is superior for the prediction of porcine heart sizes compared to conventional parameters such as age and total body weight.

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Left ventricular mass and wall thickness in hypertension

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Imaging in hypertensive heart disease

Imaging in hypertensive heart disease

Several sources of error in estimation of left ventricular mass with M-mode echocardiography in elderly subjects

Transthoracic echocardiography is a simple tool for size matching in cardiac xenotransplantation

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