Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners

Pappas, Panagiotis; Paradisis, Giorgos; Vagenas, George

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2015.01.005

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Minimal differences between limbs during running across a wide range of velocities suggest that limbs may not be used preferentially for braking or propulsion. However, mean SA scores above 3% were found for mean loading rate and spring mass model variables for all velocities, as also observed when running at 16 km.h −1 (Pappas et al, 2015), indicating that asymmetry increases in variables derived from the vertical force signal. Rumpf et al (2014) also showed that asymmetries in vertical force (∼20%) are significantly greater than those of the horizontal force (∼15%) during a 30-m sprint on a non-motorized force treadmill.…”

Section: Comparison Of Asymmetry Between Variablessupporting

confidence: 69%

Running Velocity Does Not Influence Lower Limb Mechanical Asymmetry

Girard

Morin

Ryu

et al. 2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

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We examined the effect of running velocity upon magnitude and range of asymmetry in the main kinetics and kinematics of treadmill running at constant, submaximal velocities. Nine well-trained, uninjured distance runners ran, in a random order, at seven running velocities (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, and 25 km.h −1) for 60 s (separated by > 90 s of rest) on an instrumented treadmill (ADAL3D-WR, Medical Development, France). Continuous measurement (1,000 Hz) of spatio-temporal, horizontal force production, and spring-mass characteristics was performed and data over 10 consecutive steps (5 right and 5 leg foot contacts after ∼50 s of running) were used for subsequent comparisons. Group mean and the range of asymmetry scores were assessed from the "symmetry angle" (SA) formulae where a score of 0%/100% indicates perfect symmetry/asymmetry. Mean SA scores for spatio-temporal variables were lower than 2%: contact time (0.6 ± 0.1%; range: 0.4-0.7%), aerial time (1.7 ± 0.2%; range: 1.3-2.1%) as well as step length and step frequency (0.7 ± 0.2%; range: 0.5-0.9%). Mean loading rate (5.3 ± 1.1%; range: 4.1-6.9%) and spring mass model [peak vertical force: 3.2 ± 1.6% (range: 2.9-3.4%); maximal downward vertical displacement: 11.2 ± 6.0% (range: 9.2-14.0%); leg compression: 3.6 ± 1.9% (range: 2.9-5.6%); vertical stiffness: 8.8 ± 1.9% (range: 7.1-11.6%); leg stiffness: 1.6 ± 0.6% (range: 1.2-2.9%)] presented larger mean SA values. Mean SA scores ranged 1-4% for duration of braking (1.3 ± 0.3%; range: 0.9-2.0%) and push-off (1.6 ± 0.9%; range: 1.2-2.4%) phases, peak braking (2.4 ± 1.1%; range: 1.6-3.6%), and push-off (1.7 ± 0.9%; range: 1.2-2.2%) forces as well as braking (3.7 ± 2.0%; range: 2.8-5.8%) and push-off (2.1 ± 0.8%; range: 1.3-2.6%) impulses. However, with the exception of braking impulse (P = 0.005), there was no influence of running velocity on asymmetry scores for any of the mechanical variables studied (0.118

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Section: Comparison Of Asymmetry Between Variablessupporting

confidence: 69%

Running Velocity Does Not Influence Lower Limb Mechanical Asymmetry

Girard

Morin

Ryu

et al. 2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…Recent findings of Trivers et al [8] suggest that elite athletes (the Jamaican national team) have a very high association between the right and the left knee and the ankle symmetry and their sprinting performance. Findings presented by Pappas, Paradisis and Vagenas [9] imply that even young athletes display rather small individual asymmetries in the lower limb biomechanical parameters, such as flight time, acceleration or velocity. Korhonen et al [10] indicate that professional athletes, regardless of age, provide repeatable and symmetric values of their strides especially during the acceleration phase (the first part of the distance) and further on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Kinematic analysis of the block start and 20-metre acceleration phase in two highly-trained sprinters: A case report

Janowski¹,

Zieliński²,

Włodarczyk³

et al. 2017

Balt J Health Phys Act

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Open Access License:This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. abstract BackgroundThe main purpose was to evaluate individual kinematic characteristics in highly trained sprinters during the "set" position, block clearance and a 20-m acceleration phase, as well as to determine differences and/or technique similarities. Material/MethodsThe measurements were carried out on two sprinters, members of the Polish national team. A wireless portable MyoMotion system (Noraxon Inc., USA) was applied. Angular changes and accelerations of all limbs, trunk and head were measured. ResultsIncreased motion asymmetry between sides brought about stride fluctuation and worsened sprint performance. This effect occurred when the sum of the discrepancies for hip, knee and ankle joints exceeded 20° or discrepancy in one joint exceeded 10°. For acceleration, the adverse effect occurred when the range exceeded 1.40 G during the acceleration phase. Greater asymmetry resulted in lower acceleration during block clearance. During block clearance rear hip and right knee angles did not exceed 110° and 100°, respectively, in the best attempts. The "set" position seemed to have little impact on performance. ConclusionsSprinters exhibit individual kinematic characteristics. Fast block clearance and stride symmetry are key factors affecting sprint performance during the 20-metres acceleration phase. Additional research is necessary to determine the most effective pattern.

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“…Studies investigating inter-limb differences during running often assume that differences may exist at specific time points [zero dimensional (0d) metrics] (Brown et al, 2014;Karamanidis et al, 2003;Pappas et al, 2015;Radzak et al, 2017). Furthermore, previous studies on triathletes observed that cycling induced alterations in hip, knee and ankle kinematics, Bonacci, Green et al, 2010;Rendos et al, 2013), kinetics (e.g., spring-mass behaviour) (Le Meur et al, 2012), and neuromuscular parameters (Le Meur et al, 2012) during subsequent running.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running after cycling induces inter-limb differences in muscle activation but not in kinetics or kinematics

Jacques

Bini

Arndt

2020

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Overuse injuries are a common problem to triathletes' population. Overuse injuries may arise from interlimb biomechanical differences during running, but the literature lacks information regarding inter-limb differences in triathletes. In this study inter-limb differences were investigated in injury-free triathletes during the running portion of a simulated cycle-run transition. Thirteen triathletes performed a 5 km run preceded by a 20 min cycling trial at 70% of maximal power output. During the Start, Mid and End stages of running, kinetic, kinematic and muscle activation variables were compared between the preferred and non-preferred limbs across the stance phase. A statistical parametric mapping analysis showed no differences between limbs when considering kinetic and kinematic variables (p > 0.05, ES<0.60). A lower soleus activation was observed in the preferred limb (p < 0.05, ES>0.60) from 53.40-75.9% of the stance phase at the End stage of running. In conclusion, inter-limb differences in kinetic or kinematic variables may not represent a risk for overloading in triathletes. However, inter-limb differences in triceps surae activation during running after cycling may represent one potential factor leading to overuse injuries in triathletes and should be further investigated.

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Leg and vertical stiffness (a)symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs in young male runners

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

Running Velocity Does Not Influence Lower Limb Mechanical Asymmetry

Running Velocity Does Not Influence Lower Limb Mechanical Asymmetry

Kinematic analysis of the block start and 20-metre acceleration phase in two highly-trained sprinters: A case report

Running after cycling induces inter-limb differences in muscle activation but not in kinetics or kinematics

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