Leg length, cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in an African‐Caribbean population

Mak, Zanete; Kim, Jae-Min; Stewart, Robert

doi:10.1002/gps.1458

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We confirm earlier reports of shorter leg length [34,35] and smaller skull circumferences [36,47] among those with dementia. Interestingly both of these exposures were inversely linearly associated with age, suggesting the presence of cohort effects; older people, from earlier birth cohorts, having poorer nutrition and hence having developed less successfully in early life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…We concentrated upon those for which associations were unlikely to have been explained by reverse causality; age, rural or urban birthplace [29] , education, family history of dementia, history of head injury with loss of consciousness [30,31] , history of depression [32,33] , leg length [34,35] , skull circumference [36] and left-handedness [37][38][39][40] . Associations were estimated using Poisson regression generating prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for household clustering.…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence, Correlates and Impact of Dementia in Cuba

Rodriguez

Valhuerdi

Sanchez³

et al. 2008

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: We aimed to estimate the prevalence, correlates and impact of dementia in Havana and Matanzas, Cuba. Methods: A 1-phase catchment area survey of all over 65-year-old residents of 7 catchment areas in Havana and 1 in Matanzas was conducted. Dementia diagnosis was established according to DSM-IV and our own, pre-validated10/66 criteria. The impact of dementia was assessed through associations with needs for care, cutting back on work to care and caregiver psychological morbidity. Results: We interviewed 2,944 older people, a response proportion of 96.4%. The prevalence of DSM-IV dementia was 6.4% and that of 10/66 dementia 10.8%. Both dementia outcomes were associated with older age, less education, a family history of dementia, shorter leg length and smaller skull circumference. Dementia, rather than physical health problems or depression, was the main contributor to needs for care (population-attributable prevalence fraction = 64.6%) and caregiver cutting back on work (population-attributable prevalence fraction = 57.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia in Cuba is similar to Europe. Among health conditions, dementia is the major contributor to dependency and caregiver economic and psychological strain. More attention needs to be given to it and other chronic diseases associated more with disability than premature mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence, Correlates and Impact of Dementia in Cuba

Rodriguez

Valhuerdi

Sanchez³

et al. 2008

Neuroepidemiology

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“…It is recognised that these factors may influence health in later life and shorter leg length has been related to a number of disorders including dementia in a Korean population (Kim et al, 2003). Mak et al carried out a secondary analysis of Stewart's data on 203 older African-Caribbean people in South London (Mak et al, 2006). Relative CI at baseline and subsequent cognitive decline over three years was compared with leg length (iliac crest to lateral malleolus).…”

Section: Genetics the Only Genetics Studies Found In A Britishmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the prevalence and covariates of dementia or relative cognitive impairment in the older African‐Caribbean population in Britain

Adelman

Blanchard

Livingston

2009

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…Body height was reported as a marker of childhood conditions that promote growth [30] . Components of body height, such as leg length and sitting height, might indicate different aspects of early-life development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Sitting Height and Low Relative Sitting Height Are Associated with Severe Cognitive Impairment among Older Women in an Urban Community in China

Liang

Li²,

Ding³

et al. 2015

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: Anthropometric indexes are powerful indicators of the environment and the plasticity of the human body. This study aimed at exploring the anthropometric indexes that are associated with late-life cognition impairment among the elderly Chinese in the Shanghai Aging Study. Methods: The height, weight, and sitting height of 3,741 participants were measured. Participants were diagnosed with ‘dementia', ‘mild cognitive impairment', or ‘cognitive normal' by neurologists using DSM-IV and Petersen criteria. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between height, sitting height, leg length or relative sitting height and cognitive function. Results: Participants with dementia had the shortest body height (mean 157.2 cm, SD 9.1), the shortest sitting height (mean 81.8 cm, SD 5.6), and the lowest relative sitting height (mean 52.0 cm, SD 1.9). After adjustment for age, gender, education, lifestyles, medical history, apolipoprotein genotype and weight, shorter sitting height (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.16 per cm), longer leg length (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.99 per cm), and lower relative sitting height (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04-1.31 per 1%) were found to be significantly associated with dementia in older women. Conclusions: The potential risks for late-life severe cognitive impairment may be related to health problems in childhood and slow growth during puberty in women.

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Leg length, cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in an African‐Caribbean population

Abstract: Shorter leg length may be a marker of early life stressors which result in reduced cognitive reserve. Interestingly this association was mediated more strongly by social class (previous occupational status) than by education in this population.

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

The Prevalence, Correlates and Impact of Dementia in Cuba

The Prevalence, Correlates and Impact of Dementia in Cuba

A systematic review of the prevalence and covariates of dementia or relative cognitive impairment in the older African‐Caribbean population in Britain

Short Sitting Height and Low Relative Sitting Height Are Associated with Severe Cognitive Impairment among Older Women in an Urban Community in China

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