Legacy and current-use flame retardants in house dust from Vancouver, Canada

Occurrence, behavior and human health risk assessment of dechlorane plus and related compounds in indoor dust of China

“…Similarly, it was detected in all the dust sample (median: 7.3 ng g À1 ) in Vancouver, Canada (Shoeib et al, 2012). The levels of RDP in the present study ranged from 0.35 to 1000 ng g À1 with a median concentration of 4.0 ng g À1 .…”

Concentrations in air of organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphate flame retardants in Toronto, Canada

“…Furthermore, most of these FRs are used as 'additive', as opposed to 'reactive' FRs, therefore environmental fates similar to penta-BDE are expected. Recently, non-BDEs, such as 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether (TBP-AE or ATE), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB or TBB), 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD or HBCD) and bis (2-ethyl-1-hexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP or TBPH) and CFRs, such as Dechlorane Plus (DP), have been reported in the atmosphere from urban and remote regions (M€ oller et al, 2011a;Ma et al, 2012aMa et al, , 2012bQiu et al, 2010;Venier et al, 2012;Xiao et al, 2012), in sea water (M€ oller et al, 2011b;Qiu et al, 2010;Xie et al, 2011), in sediment, , in tree bark Hu et al, 2011), in indoor dust (Shoeib et al, 2012;Ali et al, 2011;Stapleton et al, 2008) and in biota (Vetter et al, 2010).…”

An assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in the indoor dust of e-waste recycling facilities in South Africa: implications for occupational exposure

“…Due to their ubiquity and adverse health effects, such as endocrine system disruption, and reproductive and neurodevelopmental toxic effects (Shoeib et al 2012;Tue et al 2013;Yang et al 2013;Zheng et al 2013), these chemicals have been listed in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (Ali et al 2011a;Yang et al 2013) and penta-and octa-BDEs, and PCBs have been banned or withdrawn from commerce (Vonderheide et al 2008;Yang et al 2013). However, as a result of mass production and widespread use in the past, for example, PBDEs were added into electronic products as flame retardants ) and PCBs were used as coolants in capacitors and as insulating fluids in transformers (Whitehead et al 2012); during uncontrolled recycling of e-waste, these pollutants find their way into the environment.…”