Legacy and emerging semi-volatile organic compounds in sentinel fish from an arctic formerly used defense site in Alaska

Zheng, Guoxiang; Miller, Pamela; Hippel, Frank von; Buck, C. Loren; Carpenter, David O.; Salamova, Amina

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113872

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Although no associations were found among the concentrations of di-OPEs, DNBP and DPHP concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with the concentrations of their respective tri-OPE parent compounds, TNBP ( r = 0.45; p < 0.05) and TPHP [ r = 0.37; p < 0.05 (Figure S2)], suggesting similar sources for the parent compounds and their respective metabolites and/or substantial metabolism to the di-OPE. Significant associations have also been previously observed for tri- and di-OPE concentrations in fish …”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…A relative abundance of each di-OPE was calculated as a ratio of the molar concentration of this di-OPE and the sum of the molar concentrations of that di-OPE and its parent tri-OPE [di-OPE/(di-OPE + tri-OPE)] (Figure ). The relative abundance ratios can provide critical information about the metabolic rate of a parent compound and the stability of a metabolite. , Four pairs of the parent tri-OPEs and their respective di-OPE metabolites are discussed here, including BCIPP and TCIPP, BBOEP and TBOEP, DPHP and TPHP, and DNBP and TNBP. BCIPP, a metabolite of TCIPP, and BBOEP, a metabolite of TBOEP, had relative abundances of 0.10% and 25%, respectively, indicating that the tri-OPE parent compound is more abundant than its di-OPE metabolite.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the analytical methods, quality control measures, and data analysis are included in the Supporting Information and in a previous publication. 58 ■ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Population Characteristics. A summary of demographic and behavioral characteristics of the sampled population is provided in Tables S2 and S3.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant associations have also been previously observed for tri-and di-OPE concentrations in fish. 58 Parent:Metabolite Concentration Ratios. A relative abundance of each di-OPE was calculated as a ratio of the molar concentration of this di-OPE and the sum of the molar concentrations of that di-OPE and its parent tri-OPE [di-OPE/(di-OPE + tri-OPE)] (Figure 1).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis was performed on an ultraperformance liquid chromatograph coupled to a triple-quadruple mass spectrometer (Agilent 1290 Infinity II UPLC–6470 QQQ-MS). The details of the analytical methods, quality control measures, and data analysis are included in the Supporting Information and in a previous publication …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organophosphate Esters and Their Metabolites in Breast Milk from the United States: Breastfeeding Is an Important Exposure Pathway for Infants

Zheng

Schreder²,

Dempsey³

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are among the synthetic chemicals found in the highest concentrations in the indoor environment due to their use as flame retardants and plasticizers. In fish and wildlife, metabolites of OPEs have been found to build up in tissues. In this study, 28 triester OPEs (tri-OPEs) and their seven corresponding diester (di-OPE) and three hydroxyl metabolites were measured in breast milk collected from 50 U.S. mothers. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, used in foam for insulation and furniture and the target compound with the largest U.S. production volume, was the most abundant tri-OPE (median level of 1.47 ng/mL). Di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP), the metabolite of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), which has broad uses in adhesives, plastics, and hydraulic fluids, was the most abundant OPE metabolite (median level of 7.44 ng/mL) detected in these samples. Overall, the Σdi-OPE concentrations (median level of 8.32 ng/mL) were twice as high as the Σtri-OPE concentrations (median of 3.85 ng/mL). The estimated daily intakes of tri- and di-OPEs through lactation were up to 50 times higher than those through diet and dust ingestion. This is the first study to simultaneously determine OPEs and their metabolites in breast milk, and our findings indicate that breastfeeding is a significant source of OPE exposure for infants.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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