Legacy of archipelago history in modern island biodiversity – An agent‐based simulation model

Jõks, Madli; Kreft, Holger; Weigelt, Patrick; Pärtel, Meelis

doi:10.1111/geb.13220

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Large-scale explorations of these hypotheses often combine datasets across multiple archipelagos (e.g., Jõks et al, 2021;Triantis et al, 2016;Weigelt & Kreft, 2013). Such examinations add muchneeded power to hypothesis tests, typically involving hundreds of species across dozens of islands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does island ontogeny dictate the accumulation of both species richness and functional diversity?

Kraemer

Roell

Shoobs

et al. 2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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Aim:The accumulation of functional diversity in communities is poorly understood.Conveniently, the general dynamic model of island biogeography (GDM) makes predictions for how such diversity might accumulate over time. In this multiscale study of land snail communities on 10 oceanic archipelagos located in various regions of the globe, we test hypotheses of community assembly in systems where islands serve as chronosequences along island ontogeny.Location: Ten volcanic archipelagos. Time period:From 23 Ma to the present.Major taxa studied: Endemic land snails.Methods: Initially, we assembled geological island characteristics of area, isolation and ontogeny for all studied islands. We then characterized island-scale biotic variables, including the species diversity and functional diversity of snail communities.From these data, we assessed relationships between island and snail community variables as predicted by the GDM, focusing initially on the islands of the Galápagos archipelago and thereafter with a broader analysis of 10 archipelagoes. Results:As in other studies of island assemblages, in Galápagos we find a humpshaped curve of species richness, with depauperate snail faunas on early-ontogeny islands, increasing species richness on mid-ontogeny islands and low species richness on islands in late ontogeny. We find exceptionally low functional diversity on early-ontogeny islands that increases through mid-ontogeny, whereas late-ontogeny islands exhibit a range of functional diversity. The analysis including all 10 archipelagos indicates a major role of archipelago-specific factors. In both sets of analyses, functional diversity is exceptionally low on early-ontogeny islands, and island ontogeny is a significant predictor of morphology.Main conclusions: Consistent patterns of functional diversity across island ontogeny on all examined archipelagos indicate a common role for habitat filtering, ecological opportunity and competition in a diversity of systems, leading to predictable changes in functional diversity and average morphology through island ontogeny, whereas patterns of species richness appear subject to archipelago-specific factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does island ontogeny dictate the accumulation of both species richness and functional diversity?

Kraemer

Roell

Shoobs

et al. 2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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“…Inter‐island migration is included in a similar way in their study and in our model (i.e. migration depends on the size of the original population and on the size of the destination island), but Jõks et al (2021) did not include its evolutionary consequences where migration both triggers divergence and delays speciation (i.e. they modelled a restricted archipelago effect).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a different approach (comparison of observed data with data simulated with an agent‐based model), Jõks et al (2021) studied the effect of the geological history of several archipelagos and of sea‐level fluctuations on current biodiversity patterns. Inter‐island migration is included in a similar way in their study and in our model (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, one strong limitation of these theoretical and empirical studies is that they all consider archipelagos as static entities, that is, they ignore the island geo‐environmental dynamics incorporated in the GDM for a single isolated island. A step forward was taken by Jõks et al (2021), who showed that archipelago ontogeny may leave signatures on current biodiversity patterns. Yet, Jõks et al (2021) restricted their modelling of archipelago‐specific processes to the situation where inter‐island dispersal has no evolutionary consequences, that is, it neither triggers anagenetic divergence nor delays speciation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A step forward was taken by Jõks et al (2021), who showed that archipelago ontogeny may leave signatures on current biodiversity patterns. Yet, Jõks et al (2021) restricted their modelling of archipelago‐specific processes to the situation where inter‐island dispersal has no evolutionary consequences, that is, it neither triggers anagenetic divergence nor delays speciation. The consequences of the intricate and temporally variable eco‐evolutionary processes acting at the archipelago scale on biodiversity dynamics therefore remain to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeographic drivers of community assembly on oceanic islands: The importance of archipelago structure and history

Aguilée

Pellerin

Soubeyrand

et al. 2021

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Accounting for geo‐environmental dynamics is crucial to understand community assembly across islands. Whittaker et al. (J Biogeogr, 35:977–994, 2008)’s General Dynamic Model (GDM) aims towards this goal. Yet, it does not explicitly consider that most islands belong to archipelagos. We examined how island biodiversity dynamics are influenced by the interaction of eco‐evolutionary processes acting at the archipelago level with each island's geo‐environmental dynamics. Location Hypothetical archipelagos. Taxon Any. Methods We used an individual‐based model, ecologically neutral within the archipelago. Several islands emerge in succession with a typical volcanic ontogeny. We considered both mainland and inter‐island dispersal. Geographically isolated lineages diverged over time, possibly speciating. Results We found diversity to be at dynamic equilibrium. In an archipelago, islands hosted more diversity and more endemic species, at both island and archipelago levels, than an equivalently‐sized single isolated island. This was due to an ‘archipelago effect’: inter‐island dispersal increased within‐island diversity through species occurrence on multiple islands; species may undergo anagenetic changes on the colonised islands, eventually speciating, thereby increasing archipelago diversity. Biodiversity dynamics of different islands may differ even on islands with identical geo‐environmental dynamics because the archipelago effect varied over time and affected each island differently (‘history effect’). By accounting for these effects, we predicted detectable deviations from the GDM predictions, which are largest for remote archipelagos, with islands located close together and with an intermediate time of island emergence. In linear stepping‐stone archipelagos, we predicted higher diversity on centrally located islands. Main conclusions Our results demonstrate that analyses of insular biodiversity data would greatly benefit from explicitly accounting for both archipelago and history effects. We suggest incorporating variables characterising the spatio‐temporal structure of the whole archipelago. We discuss possible difficulties in distinguishing between the archipelago effect and equilibrium diversity dynamics.

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A simulation model of functional habitat connectivity demonstrates the importance of species establishment in older forests

Jõks

Helm

Kasari‐Toussaint

et al. 2023

Ecological Modelling

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Legacy of archipelago history in modern island biodiversity – An agent‐based simulation model

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Does island ontogeny dictate the accumulation of both species richness and functional diversity?

Does island ontogeny dictate the accumulation of both species richness and functional diversity?

Biogeographic drivers of community assembly on oceanic islands: The importance of archipelago structure and history

A simulation model of functional habitat connectivity demonstrates the importance of species establishment in older forests

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