Legal and institutional aspects of coastal zone management in Indonesia

Coastal livelihood vulnerability to marine resource degradation: A review of the Indonesian national coastal and marine policy framework

“…The cumulative impact of the human drivers of change on marine ecosystems causes an ever-increasing concern for the livelihoods of coastal populations, especially the ones living in small coastal communities where marine natural resource dependence is often high. The main coastal pressures arise from population growth, pollution, exploitation of natural resources [7,18] and climate change [11]. In addition, unsustainable practices including coral mining, anchoring in reef areas and destructive fishing methods, such as cyanide fishing, dynamite fishing and the use of fine mesh nets [7], are jeopardizing environmental quality crucial for sustaining vulnerable local livelihoods [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Community Participation in Marine Protected Area Management: Wakatobi National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…Implementation is affected, however, by a number of factors including an expanding and mobile human population, emerging national and international markets for valuable marine resources, the nature of the live-reef fish trade, a lack of defensible marine boundaries, the government's centralized policies, and a history of corruption at all levels (Bailey & Zerner, 1992;Lubis & Nearne, 1994;Sloan & Sugandhy 1994;Ruddle, 1996). Within the wide range of cultural, political, and economic issues affecting natural resource conservation and marine resource use in Indonesia (Hirsch & Downloaded by [Florida International University] at 21:59 25 December 2014 Warren, 1998;Li, 1999;Zerner, 2000), a series of more narrowly focused issues related to management of Indonesian MPAs have been identified by various authors, such as the conflicting needs and objectives of multiple users, severely limited financial and human resources, poor coordination among agencies, and jurisdictional disputes (Yates, 1994;Alder, 1995;Wicaksono, 1995;Kusuma-Atmadja & Purwaka, 1996).…”

Pengaruh harga dan kualitas terhadap permintaan rumput laut

“…Menurut Atmadja et al, (1996) pada awal 1980 perkembangan permintaan rumput laut di dunia meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan pemakaian rumput laut untuk berbagai keperluan antara lain di bidang industri, makanan, tekstil, kertas, cat, kosmetika, dan farmasi (obat-obatan). Di Indonesia, pemanfaatan rumput laut untuk industri dimulai dari industri agar-agar (Gelidium dan Gracilaria) kemudian untuk industri kerajinan (Eucheuma) serta untuk industri alginat (Sargassum).…”