Children with Learning Disabilities which focused efforts on promoting government support for children with disabilities (Department of Education, 2010; Keaney, 2012). Litigation. Landmark court cases furthered the educational rights afforded to students with disabilities. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) was a civil rights lawsuit which culminated with a ruling that school segregation by race was unconstitutional because it deprived segregated students of a property right, namely, the right to an equal educational experience (Gargiulo, 2014; Keaney, 2012). This set the precedent for advocates of children with disabilities to argue that segregated education facilities for students with disabilities denied them their property right and were, therefore, unconstitutional. The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972) and Mills v. Board of Education, District of Columbia (1972) furthered the rights afforded to individuals with disabilities through guaranteeing the right to an education to all students with disabilities regardless of severity of impairment or disability. Furthermore, these court cases established that: (a) students had a right to an education with specialized instruction matched to their unique needs, (b) students were to be educated in integrated settings as much as possible, (c) parents had the right to participate in decision making on behalf of their child, (d) states needed to take proactive steps to identify and serve all students with disabilities (child-find), (e) services needed to be provided regardless of availability of finances, and (f) procedural safe guards were required that assured parent and child rights were protected (Gargiulo, 2014; Department of Education, 2010). The aforementioned cases set in motion the enactment of Public Law 94-142 (PL 94-142), now known as IDEA, and have continued to define special education in present society. Additional court cases also established, clarified, and expanded guidelines related to class placement, equal educational opportunities, extended school year services, related services, appropriate education, and least restrictive environment (Scheerenberger, 1983). Public law 94-142. On November 29, 1975, in response to litigation and federal reports indicating that less than half of children with disabilities were receiving an appropriate education, Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (EAHCA) was signed into law by President Gerald Ford (Keaney, 2012).