Legal aspects of open source intelligence – Results of the VIRTUOSO project

Abstract

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Open source intelligence and AI: a systematic review of the GELSI literature

“…So much so that several European projects dealing with the issue of privacy in OSINT investigations have been funded over the years. 3 These projects aimed at developing platform solutions for the retrieval, analysis, management and dissemination of OSINT across Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) in different policing contexts, keeping track of the evolving European data protection framework (Cuijpers 2013 ; Casanovas et al 2014 ).…”

Open‐source intelligence for conservation biology

“…Although such themes may only sometimes be relevant to wildlife‐focused work, they are likely almost universally relevant to conservation topics tied to social science (e.g., trends in park visitation [Bingham, 2021] may reveal the identity of visitors). Tools such as a privacy checklist (Cuijpers, 2013) or a “compliance by design” approach (Koops et al., 2013) could easily be adapted by conservation scientists to encourage protection of rights and compliance with legal and ethical standards.…”

“…Potential perils are of substantial concern to those who study intelligence work, and discussions on this theme provide conceptual frameworks that, if adopted from OSINT, could benefit conservation. Use of open‐source data may touch on issues related to privacy rights, intellectual property law, and legal constraints (Cuijpers, 2013; Koops, 2013). Although such themes may only sometimes be relevant to wildlife‐focused work, they are likely almost universally relevant to conservation topics tied to social science (e.g., trends in park visitation [Bingham, 2021] may reveal the identity of visitors).…”

Design Science Research towards Privacy by Design in Maritime Surveillance ICT Systems

“…15 Even though actual end-users have a responsibility of their own for ethical and legal compliance, it is important to recognize that it is questionable whether all responsibility for a proper functioning and use of OSINT platforms can be ascribed to the end-users; and some responsibility for a proper functioning of OSINT framework in practice also lies with the developers of the platform and individual components. 19 Privacy as for the Overall Design…”

“…Because of differences in applicable legal regimes, it is necessary to perform similar two-tiered legal and ethical analysis within the MARISA project as was made during the VIRTUOSO project. 19 On the one hand the legal assessment of the prototype, as embodiment of the MARISA Toolkit and relevant components. In demonstrating MARISA functionality, the researchers involved needed to perform acts with legal implications, such as the processing of personal and/or copyright protected data.…”