The topic of studying the legal foundations of the organization and implementation of international military cooperation between Russia and foreign states in the light of recent international events and the development of armed conflicts is becoming particularly relevant. The object of the study is the international legal framework for international military cooperation of the Russian Federation. The subject of the work is the knowledge of the current state and trends in the development of the legal foundations of international military cooperation between the Russian Federation and foreign states. The purpose of the article is to study the legal foundations of international military cooperation between the Russian Federation and foreign states in the domestic circuit. To conduct the research and comprehensively disclose its subject, the article uses systematic and integrated approaches, comparative legal and doctrinal principles of research, as well as current developments in the field of modern theory of military activity of the state. The research methods are modern techniques and methods of cognition of the phenomena of legal reality in their social, natural, value-semantic and meaningful determination (analysis, synthesis, deduction, generalization, classification). The paper examines the essential aspects of the legal foundations and the importance of international military cooperation of the Russian Federation, gives a brief description of the military-political, military-technical and military-economic cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign countries in the context of the functioning of new challenges and threats, as well as illegal sanctions pressure on the country. The main normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice regulating the issues under consideration are presented. The position on the current state of international cooperation of the Russian Federation in the field of military education and military medicine is argued. The importance of developing modern and adequate approaches to the construction of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of planning, organization and implementation of international military cooperation in all its variety of types and forms is reflected.