Legal issues Associated with the Concept of Psychopathy

Ogloff, James R. P.; Lyon, David

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3965-6_17

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, the most common instruments described by training directors in the survey were the MMPI and the MCMI. This ®nding is very close to that reported by Ogloff and Lyon (1998), who labeled the use of these instruments among Canadian psychologists a``misuse'' in the evaluation of psychopathy; they also referred to the``inappropriate reliance . .…”

Section: Areas Of Concernsupporting

confidence: 70%

Clinical training and the duty to protect*

Tolman

2001

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Given that the duty to protect is now a well established clinical and legal expectation, training in professional psychology should assist students in developing conceptual models for violence risk assessment and management. This report presents a training model incorporating recent advancements in risk assessment (such as the assessment of psychopathy), the need for basic legal understanding, and knowledge of specific risk management strategies. Additionally, academic and internship training programs in Michigan were surveyed by telephone about current training patterns. Preliminary results indicated program strengths in general awareness and training in risk factors. However, the data also suggested a need to formalize a faculty role in risk education, improve the training of students in relevant legal information, and establish coherent conceptual models of dealing with potential patient violence. It is argued that improving training of future professionals in this way will improve clinical practice, reduce legal liability, and improve public safety.

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Section: Areas Of Concernsupporting

confidence: 70%

Clinical training and the duty to protect*

Tolman

2001

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…Prisoners were referred to the program, which targeted high risk, violent offenders with personality disorders. PCL-R scores were used to divide the patients into high (score of 27 or more), medium (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) and low (17 and below) psychopathy groups. Staff assessed the progress of prisoners using the extensive clinical and institutional file information that was available.…”

Section: Treatment Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum

Ogloff

2006

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Psychopathy has traditionally been characterised as a disorder primarily of personality (particularly affective deficits) and, to a lesser extent, behaviour. Although often used interchangeably, the diagnostic constructs of psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and dissocial personality disorder are distinct. In this article, the relevant historical and contemporary literature concerning psychopathy is briefly reviewed. The diagnostic criteria for psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and dissocial personality disorder are compared. Consideration is given to the assessment, prevalence, and implications of psychopathy for violence risk and treatment efficacy. The DSM-IV-TR criteria for antisocial personality disorder, in particular, are largely behaviourally based. The ICD criteria for dissocial personality disorder, while paying more attention to affective deficits, also do not represent the broad personality and behavioural components of psychopathy. Since 1980, a great deal of research on these disorders has been conducted, using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, Revised (PCL-R). The PCL-R assesses both personality (interpersonal and affective) and behavioural (lifestyle and antisocial) deficits. As such, the research and clinical implications of psychopathy, as operationalised by the PCL-R, cannot be readily extrapolated to the diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder and dissocial personality disorder. As currently construed, the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder grossly over-identifies people, particularly those with offence histories, as meeting the criteria for the diagnosis. For example, research shows that between 50% and 80% of prisoners meet the criteria for a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, yet only approximately 15% of prisoners would be expected to be psychopathic, as assessed by the PCL-R. As such, the characteristics and research findings drawn from the psychopathy research may not be relevant for those with antisocial or dissocial personality disorder.

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“…Personality disorders are relevant in forensic and correctional settings because of the known and putative correlates of various forms of character pathology, as well as the inclusion of personality disorder diagnoses into various legal statutes and case law (e.g. Civil Commitment of Sexually Violent Predators Act, 1999;Ogloff & Lyon, 1998). In the following section, we focus on research on the two personality disorder scales, Antisocial Features (ANT) and Borderline Features (BOR), contained within the PAI.…”

Section: Personality Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic and correctional applications of the personality assessment inventory

Edens

Cruise

Buffington-Vollum

2001

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The relative utility of psychological tests for addressing legal issues is an area of considerable debate in the field. Regardless of the merits of psychological testing, it is apparent that such instruments are used widely both to address specific psycholegal issues and to evaluate offender populations more generally. One instrument gaining prominence in terms of its use in both forensic and correctional settings is the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991), which was developed to assess various constructs relevant to clinical settings (e.g. psychopathology, response distortion, and personality traits). This paper reviews the psychometric properties of the PAI specifically in reference to its ability to assess factors relevant to forensic decision-making, as well as its utility to provide clinically relevant information about offender populations more generally.

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Legal issues Associated with the Concept of Psychopathy

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Clinical training and the duty to protect*

Clinical training and the duty to protect*

Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum

Forensic and correctional applications of the personality assessment inventory

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