The article used methodological approaches to determine the socio-economic portrait of an insolvent debtor in a bankruptcy case. The Russian law on bankruptcy was comprehensively analyzed, as well as the practice of its application. The analysis was carried out at the level of empirical research. The article presents the socio-economic characteristics of Russian debtors -legal entities and citizens. For the purposes of the study, a differentiated analysis of economic indicators was carried out in relation to legal entities and individuals. Indicators that were directly related to debtors were examined, in relation to which a bankruptcy case was opened; indicators characterizing persons who are applicants in a bankruptcy case; number of bankruptcy procedures applied; average length of bankruptcy proceedings; indicators characterizing the requirements of creditors. The main indicators of the "Resolution of insolvency" indicator, which is calculated by the World Bank when determining the Doing Business rating of countries, are considered. The article concluded that the analysis of the property status of insolvent debtors is of practical value for the purposes of subsequent legal research, as well as the justification of proposals for improving legislation. The legislative policy of the state should be based on the results of economic research.