Legionella drozanskii sp. nov., Legionella rowbothamii sp. nov. and Legionella fallonii sp. nov.: three unusual new Legionella species.

Adeleke, Adenike A.; Fields, Barry S.; Benson, Robert F.; Daneshvar, Maryam I.; Pruckler, Janet M.; Ratcliff, Rodney Μ.; Harrison, Timothy G.; Weyant, Robbin S.; Birtles, Richard J.; Raoult, Didier; Halablab, Mahmoud A.

doi:10.1099/00207713-51-3-1151

Cited by 97 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Until recently, the ability to monitor the microbial community structure was limited by the lack of a suitable cultivation strategy to define the composition of species, and the relative abundance of specific populations, in microbial communities (Crawford, 2005). The method of amoebal coculture has been used to discover many previously unknown micro-organisms (Adekambi et al, 2004;Adeleke et al, 2001;Birtles et al, 2000;La Scola et al, 2000, 2004a, as well as to observe a new niche for survival of pathogenic microorganisms in water (Abd et al, 2005;Greub & Raoult, 2002;Landers et al, 2000). We use the term amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB) instead of endosymbionts, since many of the bacteria able to resist destruction by free-living amoebae do not represent true endosymbionts, and it is also the case that endosymbionts may be endosymbiotic or lytic in a given amoeba, depending on the environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amoeba co-culture of soil specimens recovered 33 different bacteria, including four new species and Streptococcus pneumoniae

et al. 2009

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Amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB), such as Legionella spp., are currently regarded as potential human pathogens that live in the natural environment, and thus their habitat is regarded as a reservoir of human pathogens. To detect ARB in human and environmental samples, co-culture with amoebae has been demonstrated to be an efficient tool. However, to date, only water samples from cooling towers and hospital water supplies have been investigated as possible reservoirs of ARB using this procedure. In the present study, we studied the ARB population of 11 diverse soil and sand sources in proximity to human environments; these sources included the university, the station, hospitals, the square, parks and public beaches in the city of Marseilles, France. As a result, a total of 33 different species of ARB were identified. The ability to grow within and/or lyse amoebae was demonstrated, for what is believed to be the first time, for several species; moreover, 20 of the isolates (61 %), including Streptococcus pneumoniae, have been described as human pathogens. However, Legionella spp. were not isolated. Four isolates are likely to be the members of new or uncharacterized genera or species, and their capability to be human pathogens needs to be determined. This preliminary work demonstrates that soils and sands in the vicinity of humans are reservoirs of human pathogenic ARB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amoeba co-culture of soil specimens recovered 33 different bacteria, including four new species and Streptococcus pneumoniae

et al. 2009

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“…Some species of this genus, e.g., L. pneumophila, cause Legionnaires' disease or a milder form of disease known as Pontiac fever (15,20). However, most of the 48 validly described species of the genus Legionella have not been implicated in disease (1,28); they were isolated from man-made or natural aquatic environments with buffered charcoal-yeast extract-based (BCYE) media (12). The requirement of species of Legionella for charcoal, L-cysteine, and ferric ions is well known, but the reason for these requirements remains largely unidentified.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gamma-Proteobacteria Aquicella lusitana gen. nov., sp. nov., and Aquicella siphonis sp. nov. Infect Protozoa and Require Activated Charcoal for Growth in Laboratory Media

Santos

Pinhal

Rainey

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Several isolates, belonging to two new species of the same novel genus of gamma-proteobacteria, were recovered from drilled well (borehole) and spa water at São Gemil in central Portugal. These organisms are phylogenetically most closely related to the strictly intracellular uncultured species of the genus Rickettsiella, which cause disease in arthropods, and to the facultatively intracellular species of the genus Legionella, some of which cause Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever. The São Gemil strains grew only on media containing charcoal, as is also true of the species of the genus Legionella. Unlike the vast majority of Legionella isolates, the new isolates did not require l-cysteine or ferric pyrophosphate for growth but like the legionellae had an absolute requirement for α-ketoglutarate. Strains SGT-39T and SGT-56 grew consistently between 30 and 43°C, while strains SGT-108T and SGT-109 grew between 30 and 40°C. The pH ranges for growth of these organisms were surprisingly narrow: strains SGT-39T and SGT-56 grew between pH 6.3 and 7.3, while strains SGT-108T and SGT-109 grew between pH 6.3 and 7.0. Both organisms proliferated in the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis but did not grow in U937 human cells. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiological, biochemical, and chemical analysis we describe two new species of one novel genus; one species is represented by strain SGT-39T, for which we propose the name Aquicella lusitana, while strain SGT-108T represents a second species of the same genus, for which we propose the name Aquicella siphonis

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“…Antibodies to L. pneumophila serogroup 1 are quite specific, but otherwise cross-reactions exist, making immunological identification only presumptive (6). Cross-reactions have been experienced between different species and serogroups even when monovalent antisera were used (1,6,8,32,37). Adsorbed antisera may have the ability to avoid cross-reactivity, but these antisera are only available in some research laboratories and are not commercially available (2,6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Legionella Species by Use of an Oligonucleotide Array

Tung²,

Tseng

et al. 2009

J Clin Microbiol

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The genus Legionella contains a diverse group of motile, asaccharolytic, nutritionally fastidious gramnegative rods. Legionella pneumophila is the most important human pathogen, followed by L. micdadei, L. longbeachae, L. dumoffii, and other rare species. Accurate identification of Legionella spp. other than L. pneumophila is difficult because of biochemical inertness and phenotypic identity of different species. The feasibility of using an oligonucleotide array for identification of 18 species of Legionella was evaluated in this study. The method consisted of PCR amplification of the macrophage infectivity potentiator mip gene, followed by hybridization of the digoxigenin-labeled PCR products to a panel of 30 oligonucleotide probes (16-to 24-mers) immobilized on a nylon membrane. A collection of 144 target strains (strains we aimed to identify) and 50 nontarget strains (44 species) were analyzed by the array. Both test sensitivity (144/144 strains) and specificity (50/50 strains) of the array were 100%. The whole procedure for identification of Legionella species by the array can be finished within a working day, starting from isolated colonies. It was concluded that species identification of clinically relevant Legionella spp. by the array method is very reliable and can be used as an accurate alternative to conventional or other molecular methods for identification of Legionella spp.

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Legionella drozanskii sp. nov., Legionella rowbothamii sp. nov. and Legionella fallonii sp. nov.: three unusual new Legionella species.

Cited by 97 publications

References 28 publications

Amoeba co-culture of soil specimens recovered 33 different bacteria, including four new species and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Amoeba co-culture of soil specimens recovered 33 different bacteria, including four new species and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gamma-Proteobacteria Aquicella lusitana gen. nov., sp. nov., and Aquicella siphonis sp. nov. Infect Protozoa and Require Activated Charcoal for Growth in Laboratory Media

Identification of Legionella Species by Use of an Oligonucleotide Array

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