Legionella spp.: community acquired and nosocomial infections

Roig, Jorge Luis González; Sabrià, Miguel; Pedro‐Botet, María Luisa

doi:10.1097/00001432-200304000-00011

Cited by 65 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…is a ubiquitous intracellular microorganism colonising natural and artificial aquatic environments, which grows at temperatures of 25 to 42°C [1][2]. Presently, a total of 55 species and more than 70 serogroups has been classified [3]; Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp1) is the most frequently reported aetiological agent in community-acquired legionellosis, although also other serogroups, especially Lp4 and Lp6, are frequently involved in hospitalacquired cases and outbreaks, as well as other species commonly indicated as Legionella species (L. anisa, L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, L. longbeachae, L. micdadei) [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionnaires’ disease in Italy: results of the epidemiological surveillance from 2000 to 2011

et al. 2013

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionnaires’ disease in Italy: results of the epidemiological surveillance from 2000 to 2011

et al. 2013

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“…In addition, since Legionella spp. urine antigen detection is still not routinely used in some settings, worldwide the prevalence of Legionellosis is underestimated (47,48). Approximately 15% of Legionellosis appears in community outbreaks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Legionella pneumophila-induced PKCα-, MAPK-, and NF-κB-dependent COX-2 expression in human lung epithelium

N′Guessan¹,

Etouem²,

Schmeck³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Legionella pneumophila causes community-and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Lung airway and alveolar epithelial cells comprise an important barrier against airborne pathogens. Cyclooxygenase (COX) and microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1)-derived prostaglandins like prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are considered as important regulators of lung function. Herein we tested the hypothesis that L. pneumophila induced COX-2 and mPGES-1-dependent PGE 2 production in pulmonary epithelial cells. Legionella induced the release of PGE2 in primary human small airway epithelial cells and A549 cells. This was accompanied by an increased expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 as well as an increased PLA 2 activity in infected cells. Deletion of the type IV secretion system Dot/Icm did not impair Legionella-related COX-2 expression or PGE2 release in A549 cells. L. pneumophila induced the degradation of IB␣ and activated NF-B. Inhibition of IKK blocked L. pneumophila-induced PGE 2 release and COX-2 expression. We noted activation of p38 and p42/44 MAP kinase in Legionella-infected A549 cells. Moreover, membrane translocation and activation of PKC␣ was observed in infected cells. PKC␣ and p38 and p42/44 MAP kinase inhibitors reduced PGE2 release and COX-2 expression. In summary, PKC␣ and p38 and p42/44 MAP kinase controlled COX-2 expression and subsequent PGE2 release by Legionella-infected lung epithelial cells. These pathways may significantly contribute to the host response in Legionnaires' disease. alveolar epithelium; protein kinase C; prostaglandin E2; cyclooxygenase-2; phospholipase A2; microsomal PGE2 synthase-1; mitogenactivated protein kinase LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA is an important causative agent of severe community-acquired pneumonia and the second most commonly detected pathogen in patients with pneumonia that are admitted to intensive care units in industrialized countries (48,61). In addition, since Legionella spp. urine antigen detection is still not routinely used in some settings, worldwide the prevalence of Legionellosis is underestimated (47,48). Approximately 15% of Legionellosis appears in community outbreaks. Although more than 40 Legionella species are known, the majority of human infections is caused by L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (57). L. pneumophila is a gramnegative, facultative intracellular pathogen of amoeba in natural and man-made aquatic environments. Infection of humans occurred after inhalation of contaminated water aerosol droplets.L. pneumophila contain an array of important virulence factors including the DotA/Icm type IV secretion system, which is important for bacteria invasion and replication in the host cell (4). For L. pneumophila pathogenesis, essential results were obtained by analyzing infection of protozoans or immune cells like macrophages (4, 40). However, although Legionella replicate efficiently within lung epithelial cells, and recent studies pointed to the lung epithelium as an important sentinel and effector of innate immunity (6,22,52,53,56), little is known of the consequences of pulmonary epit...

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“…10 In the Northern Hemisphere, in particular, potable water systems have been implicated in a number of cases and outbreaks. [11][12][13] Our experience with this case of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease associated with potable water raised several points of public health interest including diagnostic difficulties, both clinical and environmental, and the inconsistencies in policy within Australia and around the world in terms of Legionella control.…”

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The public health implications of a sporadic case of culture‐proven Legionnaires' disease

Young

Smith

Gray

et al. 2005

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Legionella pneumophila is an important cause of community‐acquired pneumonia. Domestic sources of infection have been increasingly recognised among community‐acquired cases. This report summarises the public health investigations and management of a single community‐acquired case of Legionnaires' disease in Queensland, commenced in the context of a suspected outbreak. Legionellae from the case's domestic water supply were indistinguishable from the clinical isolate. The implications for future investigation of sporadic cases are discussed.

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Legionella spp.: community acquired and nosocomial infections

Cited by 65 publications

References 50 publications

Legionnaires’ disease in Italy: results of the epidemiological surveillance from 2000 to 2011

Legionnaires’ disease in Italy: results of the epidemiological surveillance from 2000 to 2011

Legionella pneumophila-induced PKCα-, MAPK-, and NF-κB-dependent COX-2 expression in human lung epithelium

The public health implications of a sporadic case of culture‐proven Legionnaires' disease

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