Legitimacy Issues in Finnish Wolf Conservation

Borgström, Suvi

doi:10.1093/jel/eqs015

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, large carnivores are hugely popular with the general public. The strong feelings many people have with respect to these species tend to translate into societal and political pressures often favouring radically higher or lower population levels (Darpö 2011;Borgström 2012;López-Bao et al 2015).…”

Section: Fcs For Large Carnivores In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting ‘favourable conservation status’ for large carnivores in Europe: how many are needed and how many are wanted?

2016

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The EU Habitats Directive is a key biodiversity conservation instrument. It contains legal obligations for the 28 EU member states in order to safeguard a 'favourable conservation status' (FCS) for selected species and habitat types. The crucial FCS concept itself, however, remains subject to considerable confusion regarding its proper interpretation and operationalization, impairing the Directive's effective implementation. Diminishing this confusion is the purpose of this review. It focuses specifically on large carnivores-wolf (Canis lupus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolverine (Gulo gulo). These pose particular challenges, given their low densities, transboundary populations, and human-wildlife conflict potential. Large carnivores are also the only species for which specific guidance has been adopted by the European Commission-and subsequently contested. Our methodology combines legal analysis with an understanding of the species' ecology and associated social, economic and cultural dimensions. We analyze the methods and processes through which EU law is interpreted, implemented, and enforced, by member states, European Commission, and EU Court of Justice-which is the ultimate authority regarding EU law interpretation. On that basis, we engage three particularly complex interpretation questions which are also of great practical significance: (1) the appropriate scale to achieve FCS (national or transboundary population level); (2) the respective roles of demographic, genetic and ecological factors in determining FCS; and (3) the use of extinction versus carrying capacity as benchmark. 123Biodivers Conserv (2017) 26:37-61 DOI 10.1007/s10531-016-1238 Regarding these questions, we identify approaches that are workable and effective, as well as likely to be endorsed by the EU Court.

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Section: Fcs For Large Carnivores In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting ‘favourable conservation status’ for large carnivores in Europe: how many are needed and how many are wanted?

2016

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“…Consequently, it is important, first, to know to what extent existing international legal instruments contribute to large carnivore conservation and, second, to explore ways of optimizing the contribution (Trouwborst 2010;Darpö 2011;Borgström 2012;Michanek 2012;Epstein and Darpö 2013;Epstein 2013;Trouwborst 2014a, b, c, d;Darpö and Epstein 2015;Trouwborst 2015a). There is a particularly conspicuous dearth, however, in our understanding of the role, both present and potential, of international law in respect of large carnivore conservation outside Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global large carnivore conservation and international law

Trouwborst

2015

Biodivers Conserv

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International cooperation, including through international legal instruments, appears important for the conservation of large carnivores worldwide. This is due to, inter alia, the worrying conservation status and population trends of many large carnivore species; the importance of large carnivores for biodiversity conservation at large; their occurrence at low densities, with many populations extending across various countries; and the international nature of particular threats. For the 31 heaviest species in the order Carnivora, this study (i) documents to what extent existing international legal instruments contribute to large carnivore conservation, and (ii) identifies ways of optimizing their contribution in this regard. From this dual perspective, it reviews all global wildlife conservation treaties-Ramsar Wetlands Convention, World Heritage Convention, Convention on Trade in Endangered Species, Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)-and selected regional instruments, using standard international law research methodology. Results indicate that a substantial body of relevant international law already exists, whereas simultaneously there is clear potential for enhancing the contribution of international law to large carnivore conservation. Avenues for pursuing this include promotion of instruments' effective implementation; clarification of their precise implications for large carnivore conservation; development of formal guidance; expansion of instruments' scope in terms of species, sites and countries; and creation of new instruments. The CMS and CBD hold particular potential in some of these respects. The experiences being gained under European legal instruments constitute an interesting 'laboratory' regarding human coexistence with expanding large carnivore populations and transboundary cooperation at the (sub)population level.

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“…Borgström (2012) argues that there is a faulty procedural design in terms of which actors are represented and to what extent representatives actually participate. Hiedanpää (2013) and Heikkinen et al (2011) argue that it is problematic that the regional level is only an advisory body and does not have any decision-making power.…”

Section: "State Of the Art"-literature On Large Carnivore Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They all introduced new policies in the mid-20th century, where the new agenda was to protect and recover the carnivore species. However, despite their common history on hunting and governing, the countries have chosen to design the governance of large carnivores in different ways (Sandström et al 2009;Borgström 2012;Krange et al 2017), which opens up for comparison. Focusing more clearly on different cases within the same ecological system and with similar basis for human-wildlife conflicts, but where political boundaries cut across the system, provides us with the opportunity to explore current knowledge and thinking on the role of governance during such circumstances.…”

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confidence: 99%

Governing Large Carnivores—Comparative Insights from Three Different Countries

Hansson-Forman

Reimerson

Sjölander‐Lindqvist

et al. 2018

Society & Natural Resources

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The governance of large carnivores is often surrounded by conflicts. Along with the difficulties of governing large carnivores through centralized, top-down governing and a general shift towards participatory approaches in natural resource governance, this has led many countries to establish various collaborative measures in large carnivore governance -often presented as a catch-all solution to problems of legitimacy, democratic deficit and effectiveness. However, the field of large carnivore governance currently lacks a coherent understanding of strengths and weaknesses of different kinds of collaborative arrangements. In this paper, we address this knowledge gap. Using the framework of modes of governance to categorize and compare the governance of large carnivores in Norway, Sweden and Finland, we discuss the potential and limitations of various governance modes and identify gaps in contemporary research literature. The main conclusion is that all three governance systems need to incorporate more interactive governance elements. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Legitimacy Issues in Finnish Wolf Conservation

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Interpreting ‘favourable conservation status’ for large carnivores in Europe: how many are needed and how many are wanted?

Interpreting ‘favourable conservation status’ for large carnivores in Europe: how many are needed and how many are wanted?

Global large carnivore conservation and international law

Governing Large Carnivores—Comparative Insights from Three Different Countries

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