Legume Microstructure

Toan, Duc; Singh, Jaspreet

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.21683-1

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, at the small scale, milling is laborious and time consuming due to a phenomenon described as “hard-to-mill” ( 10 ). The disruption of cell wall structure, through milling or other abrasive processing activity, can increase the availability and digestibility of nutrients, starch, and protein in particular ( 60 ). Increased interaction between starch, protein, and cell wall materials also results in structural and functionality changes ( 61 ).…”

Section: Closing the Nutrient Gap Through Enhanced Utilization Of Bammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In common with the other treatments, genetic variability, physicochemical properties, age of the seed, and storage conditions can affect the time taken to reach the desired end point. In the presence of water, thermal treatment leads to starch swelling and gelatinization, protein denaturation, solubilization of water-soluble pectins, and eventually cell separation ( 60 ). The effects of boiling on nutritional quality of Bambara groundnut vary with cultivar, pretreatment applied, and the length of cooking time.…”

Section: Closing the Nutrient Gap Through Enhanced Utilization Of Bammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bambara Groundnut: An Underutilized Leguminous Crop for Global Food Security and Nutrition

et al. 2020

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Rapid population growth, climate change, intensive monoculture farming, and resource depletion are among the challenges that threaten the increasingly vulnerable global agri-food system. Heavy reliance on a few major crops is also linked to a monotonous diet, poor dietary habits, and micronutrient deficiencies, which are often associated with diet-related diseases. Diversification—of both agricultural production systems and diet—is a practical and sustainable approach to address these challenges and to improve global food and nutritional security. This strategy is aligned with the recommendations from the EAT-Lancet report, which highlighted the urgent need for increased consumption of plant-based foods to sustain population and planetary health. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), an underutilized African legume, has the potential to contribute to improved food and nutrition security, while providing solutions for environmental sustainability and equity in food availability and affordability. This paper discusses the potential role of Bambara groundnut in diversifying agri-food systems and contributing to enhanced dietary and planetary sustainability, with emphasis on areas that span the value chain: from genetics, agroecology, nutrition, processing, and utilization, through to its socioeconomic potential. Bambara groundnut is a sustainable, low-cost source of complex carbohydrates, plant-based protein, unsaturated fatty acids, and essential minerals (magnesium, iron, zinc, and potassium), especially for those living in arid and semi-arid regions. As a legume, Bambara groundnut fixes atmospheric nitrogen to improve soil fertility. It is resilient to adverse environmental conditions and can yield on poor soil. Despite its impressive nutritional and agroecological profile, the potential of Bambara groundnut in improving the global food system is undermined by several factors, including resource limitation, knowledge gap, social stigma, and lack of policy incentives. Multiple research efforts to address these hurdles have led to a more promising outlook for Bambara groundnut; however, there is an urgent need to continue research to realize its full potential.

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Section: Closing the Nutrient Gap Through Enhanced Utilization Of Bammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Closing the Nutrient Gap Through Enhanced Utilization Of Bammentioning

confidence: 99%

Bambara Groundnut: An Underutilized Leguminous Crop for Global Food Security and Nutrition

et al. 2020

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“…This colour/intensity difference was also observed for protein bodies of yellow pea, which was attributed to differences in electron density caused by the orientation of the protein bodies, the planing depth or the formation of ice-crystals during cryofixation (Kornet et al, 2019). The size of starch granules and protein bodies ranged from 7-45 µm and 1-5 µm, respectively, which corresponds to that previously reported for these cell components from BGN and other legume seeds (Amonsou, Taylor, & Minnaar, 2011;Do & Singh, 2019;Kaptso et al, 2015;Kornet et al, 2019;Swanson et al, 1985;Wolf, 1970). Oil bodies (<0.5 µm) were also present in the cells, with most of them accumulating at the cell walls as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Microstructural Characteristics Of Control and Processed Bgn Seedssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Air classification techniques as a means of processing pulse crops received wide interest in the '70s and '80s, with renewed recognition in recent years as sustainable techniques being less resource-and energy-intensive in comparison to wet fractionation processes (Arntfield & Maskus, 2011;Schutyser, Pelgrom, van der Goot, & Boom, 2015). Milling is used as a size reduction technique to liberate cellular components and in the process separate the starch granules (size range for various legume species 4-85 µm) from the protein bodies (size range 0.1-25 µm) (Assatory, Vitelli, Rajabzadeh, 1 & Legge, 2019; Do & Singh, 2019). The resultant flour after milling is subjected to air classification, where based on size and/or density differences, the smaller protein-enriched fractions are separated from the larger starch-enriched fractions in a circulating stream of air.…”

Section: Fractionation Techniques For Extraction Of Plant Protein Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond a subsistence crop : Structure and functionality of Bambara groundnut proteins

Diedericks¹

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Table of Contents Chapter 1 General Introduction Chapter 2 Extraction, gelation and microstructure of Bambara groundnut vicilins Chapter 3 Physicochemical properties and gelling behaviour of Bambara groundnut protein isolates and proteinenriched fractions Chapter 4 Effect of pH and mixing ratios on the synergistic enhancement of Bambara groundnut-whey protein gels Chapter 5 Effect of processing on the microstructure and composition of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.

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“…[8] Starch is the major component of pulses, accounting from between 35% and 60% of the total mass, whereas the protein content ranges from 14.9 and 39.4%. [10] The most common methods for the isolation of starches from pulse are aqueous (wet) and dry milling. Dry-milling process promotes the greater degree of starch fragmentation and consequently a higher amount of damaged starch, which affect directly the physicochemical properties of starch.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/star201900234mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the Extraction of Roots, Tubers, Pulses, Pseudocereals, and Other Unconventional Starches Sources: A Review

et al. 2020

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New botanical materials are emerging as unconventional sources of starch, increasing their economic value and, therefore, providing a higher starch demand with novel and unique properties for the substitution of traditional starch sources. Overall, starch isolation from roots and tubers is simple and based on breaking vegetal cells to release the starch. Starch extraction from pulses is more complex due to their higher protein and lipid content and smaller starch granules compared to roots and tuber starches. Starch from pseudocereals can be isolated by wet milling. Recently, alternative sources of starch have been proposed, including tree, herbs/shrubs, and fruits; the isolation of starch from these sources involves wet milling procedures in the presence or absence of the chemical solutions. This review summarizes the usual laboratory methods and recent advances in the extraction of starches from roots, tubers, pulses, and pseudocerals. Starch extraction methods from unconventional sources are also described. This review may be useful to guide researchers and technologists from the industry in their choice of better starch extraction methods, presenting the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

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Legume Microstructure

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Bambara Groundnut: An Underutilized Leguminous Crop for Global Food Security and Nutrition

Bambara Groundnut: An Underutilized Leguminous Crop for Global Food Security and Nutrition

Beyond a subsistence crop : Structure and functionality of Bambara groundnut proteins

Methods for the Extraction of Roots, Tubers, Pulses, Pseudocereals, and Other Unconventional Starches Sources: A Review

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