Legume Seed Production Meeting Market Requirements and Economic Impacts

Boelt, Birte; Julier, Bernadette; Karagić, Đura; Hampton, J. G.

doi:10.1080/07352689.2014.898477

Cited by 53 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Path coefficient analysis has also shown that the seed weight per flower head had the highest direct impact on seed yield plant −1 (direct path coefficients were 0. Sufficient seed-yielding ability is considered as important as herbage-yield capacity in red clover breeding programs (Boelt et al, 2015). In comparison, the direct path coefficients for calculated number of flower heads, which was previously highlighted as the most important seed-yield component, were lower and more variable (0.739 and 0.392 in 2011 and 2012, respectively).…”

Section: Seed Yield Components In Single Plantsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Many breeders and researchers have used seed yield components to measure, compare, and explain differences in seed yield between diploid and tetraploid red clover cultivars and populations; however, the relative importance of each component varies between studies. are on the market, and satisfactory seed yields are crucial for seeds of new cultivars to be available for farmers (Sleper and Poehlman, 2006;Boelt et al, 2015). The goal was to study the impact of different seed-yield components on the seed yield of tetraploid plants.…”

Section: Seed Yield Components In Single Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, the direct path coefficients for calculated number of flower heads, which was previously highlighted as the most important seed-yield component, were lower and more variable (0.739 and 0.392 in 2011 and 2012, respectively). Proposed reasons for lower seed set of tetraploid cultivars are: (i) low pollination efficiency due to a long corolla, which makes tetraploids less attractive for pollinators ( Julén, 1954;Wexelsen and Vestad, 1954;Valle, 1961;Dennis, 1975); (ii) prefertilization problems, e.g., irregularities in the development of ovules and pollen grains due to the formation of aneuploid gametes ( Julén, 1954;Povilaitis and Boyes, 1956;Bragdø-Aas, 1970); and (iii) postfertilization problems, e.g., irregularities during the development of seeds ( Julén, 1954;Wexelsen and Vestad, 1954;Pandey, 1955;Bragdø-Aas, 1970;Büyükkartal, 2003;Boelt et al, 2015). However, further studies are required to confirm this conclusion.…”

Section: Seed Yield Components In Single Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed Yield Components in Single Plants of Diverse Scandinavian Tetraploid Red Clover Populations (Trifolium pratense L.)

et al. 2017

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R ed clover (Trifolium praTense L.) is one of the most widely grown forage legumes in temperate areas, together with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (Boller et al., 2010). Red clover is cultivated in mixtures with grasses on approximately four million hectares worldwide (Isobe et al., 2014). Red clover in grass mixtures is important because its nitrogen-fixing ability, through symbiosis with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii, reduces the need for nitrogen (N) input in fertilizers (Taylor and Quesenberry, 1996). Additionally, high content of crude protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids in red clover makes this species a popular component of legume-grass mixtures (Taylor and Quesenberry, 1996;Lee et al., 2009). Moreover, the high content of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in red clover slows down the degradation of proteins in silage and thus reduces N losses from plant tissues (Lee et al., 2004;Sullivan and Hatfield, 2006).Forage legume cultivars often produce low seed yields or seeds of low viability. Both diploid and tetraploid red clover cultivars ABSTRACT Satisfactory seed yield of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars is crucial for the availability of seeds on the market. Many breeders and researchers have used seed yield components to measure, compare, and explain differences in seed yield between diploid and tetraploid red clover cultivars and populations; however, the relative importance of each component varies between studies. In 2011 and 2012, single-plant trials with several tetraploid and one diploid red clover cultivar were established at the Norwegian plant breeding station at Bjørke. The goal was to study the impact of different seed-yield components on the seed yield of tetraploid plants. Seed weight per flower head was the seed-yield component that correlated best with the seed yield plant −1 (r = 0.91 and r = 0.68 in 2011 and 2012, respectively). Path coefficient analysis has also shown that the seed weight per flower head had the highest direct impact on seed yield plant −1 (direct path coefficients were 0. 867 and 0.783 in 2011 and 2012, respectively). In comparison, the direct path coefficients for calculated number of flower heads, which was previously highlighted as the most important seed-yield component, were lower and more variable (0.739 and 0.392 in 2011 and 2012, respectively). Since previously seed yield per flower head was also identified as the most important seed-yield component in dense plant canopy, this component might have the potential to select for improved seed yield of new cultivars based on single plants. However, further studies are required to confirm this conclusion.

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Section: Seed Yield Components In Single Plantsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Seed Yield Components In Single Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seed Yield Components In Single Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seed Yield Components in Single Plants of Diverse Scandinavian Tetraploid Red Clover Populations (Trifolium pratense L.)

et al. 2017

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“…This entire process should take advantage of participatory approaches with local stakeholders, especially female subsistence farmers. To scale up, seed multiplication can be conducted on-farm as a value-added activity [116]. The development of smallholder seed enterprises is a proven strategy with success stories from around the world [76,[117][118][119].…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating dry season food insecurity in the subtropics by prospecting drought-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing weeds

Small

Raizada

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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Subtropical regions experience an extended dry season, which inhibits the growth of most crops, and as a result there is seasonal scarcity of food and fodder. Globally, almost 600 million smallholders and landless laborers experience hunger in the dry season. This situation is expected to worsen, as water shortages are expected to impact up to twothirds of humanity between 2010 and 2050. A second challenge is that 45% of the world's agricultural land is sloped and vulnerable to intense surface runoff during the transition from the dry to rainy season (e.g., monsoon). Erosion, along with nutrient mining, contributes to a net loss of soil fertility. Drought-tolerant legumes can mitigate these challenges. Legumes form symbiotic relationships with microbes that can sequester atmospheric nitrogen gas as ammonia, a process termed biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). As a result of BNF, legumes are rich in nitrogen, which is a building block of edible protein and organic nitrogen fertilizer to replenish soils. Leguminous cover crops can be used as food/feed, and as a tool to reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers, prevent erosion, and suppress undesired weeds that grow on bare, dry soil that otherwise cause female drudgery. Unfortunately, cover cropping is not a traditional practice in most subtropical regions and BNF is inhibited by drought (dry season). Subsistence farmers around the world would benefit from nutritious and drought-tolerant cover crops that can sustain nitrogen fixation in the dry season. Here, we propose that neglected crops in addition to native and naturalized plants that persist in the dry season, often considered to be weeds, may be utilized for the development of new cover crops. A detailed framework is presented for the identification, characterization, and selection of such species. As a case study, the framework was applied to the mid-hills of Nepal. A literature review, stakeholder interviews, and field site visits with farmers informed the selection of 78 candidate dry season leguminous cover crop species. It is hoped that this innovative approach will serve as a model to help alleviate food/feed shortages and improve the livelihoods of subsistence farmers in the global subtropics.

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“…Locally, it is known as 'Mashkalai' or 'Mash' and it is mostly used as a fodder crop for producing high-quality meat and milk (Boelt et al, 2014) and to improve the productivity of livestock by reducing the shortage of fodder in Bangladesh. It is often used as dry season intercrop in rice or wheat as it has a beneficial effect of improving soil nutrient status by providing nitrogen in the soil (Parashar, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an effective in vitro Regeneration protocol for BARI Mash 2 (Vigna mungo L.) an important legume crop in Bangladesh

Saha

Afrin

Mohiuddin

et al. 2017

Jahangirnagar Univ. J. Biol. Sci.

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Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.), widely known as Mashkalai in Bangladesh is an important protein source used as human food as well as fodder. BARI Mash 2 is a popular black gram variety released by Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI) which is cultivated throughout the country and very popular especially in the char areas. Establishment of a reliable regeneration system for BARI Mash 2 has been tried for further genetic improvement. A rapid, reproducible and efficient in vitro regeneration method was developed using hypocotyl and young leaf explants through callus formation. The frequency of callus formation was highest (75%) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high concentration (31.66 μM) of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) using the young leaf as explants' source. Callus induction rate was less in hypocotyls in the same medium. No further progress was observed from those calluses. MS medium containing 16.11μM of α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) showed the 70% calli induction from hypocotyls segment. These calli were amenable to produce multiple shoots (5-6 shoot) in the medium containing 17.75 μM of 6 Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) alone and the combination of BAP (17.75 μM ) and NAA (2.68 μM). Shoots were rooted most effectively (55%) in half strength MS basal medium containing 7.38 μM of Indole-butyric Acid (IBA). Well rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized, transferred to the soil and found to produce flowers and fruits. The efficient and reproducible regeneration protocol described here allows for successful in vitro regeneration of BARI Mash 2 that is vital for future genetic manipulation.

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Legume Seed Production Meeting Market Requirements and Economic Impacts

Cited by 53 publications

References 74 publications

Seed Yield Components in Single Plants of Diverse Scandinavian Tetraploid Red Clover Populations (Trifolium pratense L.)

Seed Yield Components in Single Plants of Diverse Scandinavian Tetraploid Red Clover Populations (Trifolium pratense L.)

Mitigating dry season food insecurity in the subtropics by prospecting drought-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing weeds

Development of an effective in vitro Regeneration protocol for BARI Mash 2 (Vigna mungo L.) an important legume crop in Bangladesh

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