Legumes and Acid Soils

Andrew, CS

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8957-0_11

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The results indicate that soil conditions are responsible for the inability of Lysiloma divaricata to establish on soils derived from hydrothermally altered rock. The survival of Lysiloma seedlings in the oak woodland with the addition of CaC03, but not without CaC03, may have been due directly to the increase in calcium availability or indirectly to one or more of the effects of pH on nutrient availability: decreased levels of potentially toxic micronutrients such as aluminum (Salisbury 1954) or increased levels of nitrogen fixation by symbiotic bacteria (Andrew 1978), for example. An explanation for the small size of Lysiloma seedlings in the oak woodland relative to those in the deciduous forest, even with the addition of CaC03, may be that levels of all nutrients, including calcium, were still quite low relative to those in the deciduous forest (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Soil pH, Competition, and Seed Predation on the Distributions of Two Tree Species

Goldberg¹

1985

Ecology

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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil pH, competition, and seed predation on seedling establishment of two tree species in the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico. Quercus albocincta and Lysiloma divaricata occur on the same mountain slopes but have almost no overlap in distribution on a more local scale: Quercus dominates in distinct patches of open woodland found only on acid, nutrient—poor soil derived from hydrothermally altered volcanic rock while Lysiloma dominates in adjacent patches of drought—deciduous forest found only on less acid and more fertile soil derived from unaltered volcanic rock. The experiments were designed to test the hypotheses that Lysiloma is excluded from the oak woodland by the low soil pH and that Quercus is excluded from the deciduous forest by competition and/or seed predation. In the oak woodland, Lysiloma seedlings survived on the acid soil only if soil pH was increased, while Quercus seedlings showed no significant response to increase in soil pH. In the deciduous forest, Quercus seedlings required the exclusion of seed predators as well as removal of surrounding vegetation to survive. Lysiloma seedlings also required removal of some of the surrounding vegetation to establish in the deciduous forest, but less reduction in competition intensity was required than for Quercus seedlings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Soil pH, Competition, and Seed Predation on the Distributions of Two Tree Species

Goldberg¹

1985

Ecology

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“…Nitrogen fixation by rhizobia to most leguminous plants is effective at neutral or slightly acidic soils [109] [110]. Researchers have reported that most legume species fail to nodulate at pH less than 5.0 because cannot withstand acidic condition [111]. A study conducted in Kenya revealed that common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) can be nodulated by both rhizobia from low pH (acidic soils) and high pH soils [100] [110].…”

Section: Soil Acidity and Related Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen Fixing Rhizobia from Cultivated and Uncultivated Soils of Northern Tanzania

Simon¹,

Mtei²,

Gessesse³

et al. 2014

AJPS

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Soil bacteria 1 called rhizobia are gram-negative capable to colonize the soil immediately surrounding roots under the influence of the plant "rhizosphere" and reduce atmospheric nitrogen into the form available to plants through nitrogen fixation process. Nitrogen is the most limiting and supplied nutrient to most plants, and the determinant of plant growth. Legumes differ with most plants because they have access to nitrogen from both mineral and symbiotic sources. Small-scale farmers who are the major legume producers in Africa rarely apply fertilizers during legume production. Hence, the crop is largely dependent on fixed nitrogen from native nitrogen fixers. Isolation of rhizobia for legume production has been given a little attention in Africa due to inadequate research or negligence of researchers and unawareness of its potential in legume production as well as lack of an intention from skilled personnel to popularize the technology. Evaluation of effectiveness of isolated rhizobia is essential for inoculants preparation, host specificity recommendation and symbiotic effectiveness. The isolation, determination of their population in the soil and assessing factors affecting their population and testing the effectiveness of native nitrogen fixers with respect to right trap host crop are given a special attention in this review.

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“…Host previous studies on soil addity-related limitations to legume performance, especially those using solution culture, have employed relatively high to unrealistic levels of aluminum, or molar ratios of aluminum to other Ions (3,8). Because of the economic constraints on heavy liming 1n the Region, treatments of the ultisols used 1n this study were confined to more practical levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative growth responses of perennial forage legumes in hill‐land ultisols and their relationship to soil acidity‐related factors

Staley

Wright

Hern

1989

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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As soils of humid, temperate hill-lands are typically highly weathered, mineral, and acidic, forage legumes for these conditions need to be evaluated, and limiting soil acidity-related factors determined. Two ultisol topsoils (0-15 cm) from Appalachian hill-lands of the Lily series (Typic Hapludults) were utilized 1n a growth chamber experiment. Both soils were of similar pH and low 1n fertility but different in % base saturation due to different management histories (abandoned versus poorly-managed pasture). Treatments to provide a range of soil pH values (aluminum, nil, calcium) were applied to ascertain their effect on various growth response traits of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), big flower vetch (Vicia grandiflora Scop.), and flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.). Averaging over all soils and treatments, shoot production Increased 1n the order-alfalfa < red clover, white clover, 245 246 STALEY, WRIGHT AND HERN trefoil, flatpea < vetch, while root production increased in the order-alfalfa < red clover, white clover < trefoil, vetch < flatpea. Main effects for soil source were significant (p 0.05) for shoot N uptake for red clover, trefoil and flatpea only, but not for root production for any of the species with the exception of alfalfa. Alfalfa shoot and root production, and N uptake, were significantly (p 0.05) reduced by low-level (1.5 cmol•kg -1 soil) Al treatment compared to the untreated (nil) soils, whereas the same traits for white clover were significantly (P 0.05) increased. These traits were generally unaffected by Al treatment for red clover, trefoil, vetch and flatpea. Low-level (1.5 Mg•ha -1 ) Ca amendment also had generally little effect on any of the response traits for any of the species examined. Shoot N uptake appeared to be the most sensitive plant response trait to the resulting subtle soil chemical changes. These results indicate that all of the perennial legumes examined, with the exception of alfalfa, were able to establish and obtain acceptable production levels in acidic (~ pH 5.2) ultisols with at least some history of pasture management. INTRODUCTIONThe Appalachian Region comprises approximately one-tenth the land area of the contiguous US, or about 51 million hectares, and consists of mountains and high plateaus (46%), hills and low plateaus (38%) and plains and low-lands (16%; 5). Although the soils of this Region are varied, ultisols predominate, especially Typic Hapludults (7). These soils are typically highly-weathered, mineral, and addle, and often contain growth-limiting levels of aluminum (Table 1). Because of these limitations, and shallow soil depth and low fertility, coupled with steep slopes and Irregular terrain, agricultural endeavors 1n these hill-lands will most certainly depend on legume-based hay and pasture production systems. Downloaded by [JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY] at 20:53 15 March 2015

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Legumes and Acid Soils

Cited by 14 publications

References 69 publications

Effects of Soil pH, Competition, and Seed Predation on the Distributions of Two Tree Species

Effects of Soil pH, Competition, and Seed Predation on the Distributions of Two Tree Species

Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen Fixing Rhizobia from Cultivated and Uncultivated Soils of Northern Tanzania

Comparative growth responses of perennial forage legumes in hill‐land ultisols and their relationship to soil acidity‐related factors

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