Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava with Hepatic and Pulmonary Metastases: Case Report

Abstract

Sarcomas are connective tissue tumors accounting for only 1% of all adult malignancies. Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a sarcoma arising from smooth muscle cells, and accounts for 10-20% of all sarcomas. A subtype of LMS are those originating from the smooth muscle of blood vessels. Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a sarcomatous tumor, with less than 350 cases described in the literature. It carries a poor prognosis, with 5- and 10-year survival rates of 31.4% and 7.4%, respectively. We present a case of a 46-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department with mild abdominal pain and distention, early satiety, and weight loss for three weeks, found to have unresectable metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava.

Leiomyosarcoma of Inferior Vena Cava involving the Liver– A rare case report

“…Radiological evaluation also helps in deciding surgical and medical modality of treatment as tumor characterization, localization of tumour can be done along with evaluation of metastases. 14 Treatment modality of Leiomyosarcoma IVC includes wide & complete surgical removal of the IVC, with adjuvant chemotherapy. 2 If metastatic disease is present surgical removal is not usually done.…”

Primary Leiomyosarcoma of Suprahepatic Inferior Vena Cava with Metastases

“…[ 4 ] Ultrasound is inadequate for complete evaluation of IVC; hence, contrast-enhanced CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and chest are needed for the evaluation of IVC neoplasms. [ 5 ] PET/CT is recommended for detecting the metastatic lesions, defining the extent of lesion and staging of the malignancy. [ 6 ] Whole-body PET/CT is useful in differentiating primary IVC leiomyosarcoma from a bland thrombus and is also helpful in identifying tumor thrombus extending from adjacent organ malignancies.…”