Leishmania hertigi sp. n., from the Tropical Porcupine, Coendou rothschildi Thomas

Herrer, Arístides

doi:10.2307/3277928

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In humans, the disease is mainly caused by Leishmania panamensis, with a distribution extending from Belize-Argentina (Young & Duncan 1994, Miranda et al 2009). However, other species such as Leishmania colombiensis, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis have been reported; Leishmania aristidesi and Leishmania hertigi have both been isolated from mammals (Herrer 1971. Another strain, Leishmania naiffi, has recently been found in populations of Lutzomyia gomezi and Lutzomyia trapidoi, but it has not been found in human infections and its reservoirs remain unidentified (Azpurua et al 2010).…”

Section: Leishmaniasis In Panama Was First Recorded In 1910mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic influence on the distribution, abundance and diversity of sandfly species (Diptera: Phlebotominae: Psychodidae), vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama

Valderrama

Tavares

Filho

2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Section: Leishmaniasis In Panama Was First Recorded In 1910mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic influence on the distribution, abundance and diversity of sandfly species (Diptera: Phlebotominae: Psychodidae), vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama

Valderrama

Tavares

Filho

2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…equatorensis was demonstrated by (i) sequencing comparisons of the small subunit of ribosomal RNA and RNA Polymerase II genes (Croan & Ellis 1996, Noyes et al 1996, Croan et al 1997, (ii) numerical zymotaxonomy, (iii) intergenic region typing of the internal transcribed spacers of the rRNA genes, (iv) minicircle kDNA heterogeneity analysis, and (v) measurement of the sialidase activites of the parasites (Cupolillo et al 1998) (Herrer 1971, Lainson & Shaw 1977 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Endotrypanum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a Unique Parasite Infecting the Neotropical Tree Sloths (Edentata)

Franco¹,

Grimaldi²

1999

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Key words: Endotrypanum -Protozoa -Kinetoplastida -Trypanosomatidae -molecular taxonomy -enzyme activities -monoclonal antibodies -enzyme electrophoresis -DNA analyses -mammalian reservoirssandflies vectorsBiological characteristics of Endotrypanum spp. -Parasitic protozoa of the genus Endotrypanum are unique among the Kinetoplastida in that they infect erythrocytes of their mammalian host. Infection with Endotrypanum appears to be restricted to edentates, principally of forest-dwelling two-toed sloths of the genus Choloepus, but rarer infections with these flagellates seems to occur in three-toed sloths (genus Bradypus) (Fig. 1). As shown in Fig. 2, inside the erythocyte the Endotrypanum assumes an epimastigote or trypomastigote form, while in the sandfly or during in vitro culture the parasite assumes promastigote morphology (Shaw 1992). However, the complete life cycle of Endotrypanum spp. has not been reproduced in experimental studies. Other developmental stages of the parasite may occur within the mammalian host (Deane 1961).In nature, Endotrypanum parasites are probably transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Arias et al. (Rogers et al. 1988). Further evidence for the development of Endotrypanum in phlebotomines was obtained by feeding several laboratory-reared sandfly species on infected sloths (Shaw 1964, 1969, 1981, Christensen & Herrer 1977, 1979. In these studies, infections developing within the insect gut (Shaw 1964(Shaw , 1969 were similar to those found in wild caught sandflies (Johnson et al. 1963, Arias et al. 1985. Moreover, we have reported (Franco et al. 1997b) the developmental biology of Brazilian strains of Endotrypanum for three sandfly species. Development of Endotrypanum varied for each parasitehost species association. After feeding on culture forms of E. schaudinni, significantly more Lu. shannoni (100%, 9/9) became infected than did Lu. longipalpis (62.3%, 33/53) or Phlebotomus papatasi (27.3%, 15/55). The greatest number of infections were in the midgut and hindgut from 6 to 16 days after feeding, but flagellates also were present in the Malpighian tubules. Moreover, distinct development patterns in the sandfly gut were obtained when the Callejon Lu. longipalpis colony was fed on cultures of other Endotrypanum strains.

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“…8 Leishmania hertigi was reported to have a prevalence rate of 88% among porcupines in Panama, and microcapillary precipitin tests performed at the GML showed that 107 (100%) of 1,065 blood meals of Lutzomyia ylephiletor, a principal vector of L. panamensis among humans in this country, had fed on porcupines. 4,9 Tests in humans to determine if experimental inoculation with L. hertigi parasites would stimulate an immune response detectable by the leishmanin skin test have not been conducted. However, the natural transmission of L. hertigi to humans as a plausible rationale for subclinical leishmanial infections in Panama appears to be a far less likely hypothesis than may be explained by the innate immune competence differences among individuals and variations in the virulent and invasive properties of different strains of L. panamensis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 With regard to the remaining two species indigenous to Panama, L. hertigi appears to be host-specific for the porcupine Coendou rothschildi, and L. aristidesi is known only from a single focus in a coastal forest in eastern Panama from rodents and a single marsupial and has never been isolated from humans. 4,5 Identification of Leishmania species at the GML has been based upon in vitro characterization, pathologic manifestations in the golden hamster, and cellulose acetate isoenzyme electrophoesis. 1,6 Racial diversity among the five communities in the present study ranged from a predominance of a mixture of Indians (Chocoe or Cuna), Hispanics, Blacks, or Caucasians, classified as mestizos, in San Miguel to a population composed mostly of Indians in Boca de Sabalo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short report epidemiologic studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in eastern Panama.

Christensen¹,

Vasquez²,

Petersen³

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The Panamanian Ministry of Health, through the Interamerican Development Bank, contracted the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory to conduct epidemiologic studies on leishmaniasis and malaria in eastern Panama from July 1984 through June 1985. Preliminary results of the biomedical and entomologic teams investigating the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the eastern part of the country are presented in this short report. The principal findings of the study revealed 1) a large disparity in the incidence and prevalence of the disease among the five communities investigated; 2) the appearance of self-cures without the benefit of effective treatment; 3) a relatively high percentage of subclinical cases; and 4) determination of the sandfly vector species for each community. Also reported here is a case of a double infection with two distinct species of Leishmania, L. mexicana and L. amazonensis, in a single individual.The present study investigated epidemiologic parameters of cutaneous leishmaniasis among five communities in eastern Panama in which week-long surveys were conducted. This study was reviewed and approved by the Panamanian Ministry of Health. Four of these study sites (San Miguel, Torti, Santa Fe, and Meteti) are adjacent to the Interamerican Highway (Figure 1). The fifth community (Boca de Sabalo) is located in the extreme southeastern part of the country, and was accessed by boat via an extensive river system (Figure 1). Although the primitive working conditions in the communities precluded isolation and characterization of the parasite, it was assumed that all of the cases of leishmaniasis encountered were due to Leishmania panamensis since it has been the predominant species identified from human cases in Panama. However, several months after the termination of the project, one of the investigators (JLP) developed a lesion from which a biopsy specimen was obtained and found to be caused by L. amazonensis. 1 The locality in which the infection occurred could not be determined since this investigator traveled extensively throughout Panama during the study period.In 1977, several U.S. soldiers conducting jungle exercises near the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal developed leishmaniasis identified by personnel at Gorgas Memorial Laboratory (GML) as caused by L. amazonensis.1,2 In October 1986, the first indigenous case of infection with L. mexicana in Panama was isolated from one of two lesions from a young mestizo individual involved in hunting and agriculture in the northern and eastern part of the country. 1 Eight subsequent clones of parasites from each lesion revealed a double infection with L. mexicana and L. amazonensis. A new species, L. colombiensis, was isolated from four sand flies and a sloth in Panama, and from two humans and a sand fly in Colombia. 3 With regard to the remaining two species indigenous to Panama, L. hertigi appears to be host-specific for the porcupine Coendou rothschildi, and L. aristidesi is known only from a single focus in a coastal forest in eastern Panam...

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Leishmania hertigi sp. n., from the Tropical Porcupine, Coendou rothschildi Thomas

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Anthropogenic influence on the distribution, abundance and diversity of sandfly species (Diptera: Phlebotominae: Psychodidae), vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama

Anthropogenic influence on the distribution, abundance and diversity of sandfly species (Diptera: Phlebotominae: Psychodidae), vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama

Characterization of Endotrypanum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a Unique Parasite Infecting the Neotropical Tree Sloths (Edentata)

Short report epidemiologic studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in eastern Panama.

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