Leishmania infection in a population of dogs: an epidemiological investigation relating to visceral leishmaniasis control

Penaforte, Klauber Menezes; Belo, Viní­cius Silva; Teixeira-Neto, Rafael Gonçalves; Ribeiro, Renata Aparecida Nascimento; Oliveira, Robson Bruniera de; Schettini, Dante Alighieri; Silva, Eduardo Sérgio da

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612013000400022

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Governador Valadares city is a re-emergent focus of visceral leishmaniasis with a high number of human cases due to L. (L.) infantum and a high prevalence of infected dogs36. To our knowledge, this article presents the first report of L. (L.) amazonensis in Governador Valadares and shows a potential risk for current control efforts in the area that have been designed considering only the presence of L. (L.) infantum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…As part of a study aiming at characterizing Leishmania isolates circulating in the city of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, we have sequenced the genomes of several Leishmania isolates from this focus. Genome sequencing of five isolates obtained from dogs revealed the presence of L. (L.) amazonensis in this endemic region of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis36. The genomic analysis performed in this study of the two L. (L.) amazonensis isolates allowed us to explore some unique features in terms of chromosome and gene copy number variations that are unique to this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Comparative genomics of canine-isolated Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, southeastern Brazil

Valdivia

Almeida

Roatt

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Leishmaniasis is a highly diverse group of diseases caused by kinetoplastid of the genus Leishmania. These parasites are taxonomically diverse, with human pathogenic species separated into two subgenera according to their development site inside the alimentary tract of the sand fly insect vector. The disease encompasses a variable spectrum of clinical manifestations with tegumentary or visceral symptoms. Among the causative species in Brazil, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is an important etiological agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis that accounts for more than 8% of all cases in endemic regions. L. (L.) amazonensis is generally found in the north and northeast regions of Brazil. Here, we report the first isolation of L. (L.) amazonensis from dogs with clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, an endemic focus in the southeastern Brazilian State of Minas Gerais where L. (L.) infantum is also endemic. These isolates were characterized in terms of SNPs, chromosome and gene copy number variations, confirming that they are closely related to a previously sequenced isolate obtained in 1973 from the typical Northern range of this species. The results presented in this article will increase our knowledge of L. (L.) amazonensis-specific adaptations to infection, parasite survival and the transmission of this Amazonian species in a new endemic area of Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparative genomics of canine-isolated Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, southeastern Brazil

Valdivia

Almeida

Roatt

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Coura-Vital et al [ 34 ] found no association between SIZE and CanL, coinciding with the results of this study. On the other hand, Penaforte et al [ 35 ] found such an association and suggested that large dogs would be subjected to infected sand fly bites because they are used as guard dogs. A higher seroprevalence of CanL was found in large dogs than in small and medium dogs, but SIZE lost importance when controlled by the other variables, especially WHERE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Araçatuba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and its relationship with characteristics of dogs and their owners: a cross-sectional and spatial analysis using a geostatistical approach

Costa

Blangiardo

Rodas³

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), one of the most important neglected diseases worldwide, is increasing in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to determine the canine VL (CanL) seroprevalence in an urban area of Araçatuba municipality and to evaluate its relationship with the characteristics of dogs and their owners.ResultsThe CanL seroprevalence in the study area was 0.081 (95% credible interval [CI]: 0.068–0.096). The following covariates/categories were positively associated with the occurrence of a seropositive dog: more than 10 dogs that had lived in the house (odds ratio [OR] = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.03–5.43) (baseline: 0–10 dogs); house with dogs that previously died of VL (OR = 4.85; 95% CI: 2.65–8.86) or died of causes other than old age (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.12–4.46) (baseline: natural or no deaths); dogs that spent the day in a sheltered backyard (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.05–4.40); dogs that spent the day in an unsheltered backyard or the street (OR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.28–5.57) (baseline: inside home). Spatial dependence among observations occurred within about 45.7 m.ConclusionsThe number of dogs that had lived in the house, previous deaths by VL or other cause, and the place the dog stayed during the day were associated with the occurrence of a VL seropositive dog. The short-distance spatial dependence could be related to the vector characteristics, producing a local neighbourhood VL transmission pattern. The geostatistical approach in a Bayesian context using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) allowed to identify the covariates associated with VL, including its spatially dependent transmission pattern.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1550-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Dogs not adopted were returned to the streets after the lactation period. Additional activities recommended by the Brazilian program on visceral leishmaniasis control, such as the culling of Leishmania -infected dogs, were also carried out on a regular basis [ 31 , 32 ], as well as vaccination campaigns against rabies [ 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance, survival, recruitment and effectiveness of sterilization of free-roaming dogs: A capture and recapture study in Brazil

et al. 2017

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The existence of free-roaming dogs raises important issues in animal welfare and in public health. A proper understanding of these animals’ ecology is useful as a necessary input to plan strategies to control these populations. The present study addresses the population dynamics and the effectiveness of the sterilization of unrestricted dogs using capture and recapture procedures suitable for open animal populations. Every two months, over a period of 14 months, we captured, tagged, released and recaptured dogs in two regions in a city in the southeast region of Brazil. In one of these regions the animals were also sterilized. Both regions had similar social, environmental and demographic features. We estimated the presence of 148 females and 227 males during the period of study. The average dog:man ratio was 1 dog for each 42 and 51 human beings, in the areas without and with sterilization, respectively. The animal population size increased in both regions, due mainly to the abandonment of domestic dogs. Mortality rate decreased throughout the study period. Survival probabilities did not differ between genders, but males entered the population in higher numbers. There were no differences in abundance, survival and recruitment between the regions, indicating that sterilization did not affect the population dynamics. Our findings indicate that the observed animal dynamics were influenced by density-independent factors, and that sterilization might not be a viable and effective strategy in regions where availability of resources is low and animal abandonment rates are high. Furthermore, the high demographic turnover rates observed render the canine free-roaming population younger, thus more susceptible to diseases, especially to rabies and leishmaniasis. We conclude by stressing the importance of implementing educational programs to promote responsible animal ownership and effective strategies against abandonment practices.

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Leishmania infection in a population of dogs: an epidemiological investigation relating to visceral leishmaniasis control

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Comparative genomics of canine-isolated Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, southeastern Brazil

Comparative genomics of canine-isolated Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, southeastern Brazil

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Araçatuba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and its relationship with characteristics of dogs and their owners: a cross-sectional and spatial analysis using a geostatistical approach

Abundance, survival, recruitment and effectiveness of sterilization of free-roaming dogs: A capture and recapture study in Brazil

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