Leishmania infection in cats and feline leishmaniosis: An updated review with a proposal of a diagnosis algorithm and prevention guidelines

Pereira, André; Maia, Carla

doi:10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100035

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(560 reference statements)

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“…However, this feline now appears to be an important part of the ecological system in which Leishmania parasites can persist indefinitely [47]. Several studies on Leishmania infection in cats have been conducted in recent years [48]. Feline Leishmaniasis has gained importance, being considered today as an emerging disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, immunopathogenesis of FeL is poorly understood. This protozoonosis shows a wide range of clinical signs and clinicopathologic abnormalities, which coupled with the lack of standardized protocols, make diagnosis even more difficult for veterinarians [48]. Second, the diagnosis of FeL is usually based on the results of histopathology, cytology, immunohistochemistry, culture, PCR and serology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective Analysis of Leishmaniasis in Sicily (Italy) from 2013 to 2021: One-Health Impact and Future Control Strategies

et al. 2022

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Leishmaniasis is an important vector-borne disease that represents a serious public health problem, including in Sicily (Italy), which is considered an endemic area. We collected canine, feline and human data from 2013 to 2021 in Sicily, while entomological surveys were conducted only in 2013 and 2021. Overall, 23,794/74,349 (34.4%) of dogs and 274/4774 (11.8%) of cats were positive in one or more diagnostic tests. A total of 467 cases of human Leishmaniasis were reported, with 71% showing cutaneous and 29% visceral involvement. The provinces with the largest number of patients were Agrigento (45.4%) and Palermo (37%). In 2013, Phlebotomus perfiliewi was the dominant sandfly species in Sicily (68.7%), followed by Phlebotomus perniciosus (17.2%) and Sergentomya minuta (14%). In 2021, Phlebotomus perfiliewi was confirmed as the most common species (61.6%), followed by Phlebotomus perniciosus (33.1%) and Sergentomya minuta (4.7%). Of particular interest was the identification of Phlebotomus papatasi (0.41%) in Agrigento. Our retrospective study can inform health authorities for the development of appropriate screening, treatment and control strategies to reduce Leishmania incidence rate. This study examined the present state of Leishmaniasis control, surveillance, and prevention in Sicily, but also highlighted deficiencies that could be addressed through the application of One-Health principles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Analysis of Leishmaniasis in Sicily (Italy) from 2013 to 2021: One-Health Impact and Future Control Strategies

et al. 2022

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“…The presence of Leishmania infection in cats has been increasingly reported in endemic areas (Pereira and Maia, 2021), and current evidence suggests that cats play a role as reservoir hosts of L. infantum (Maia and Campino, 2011). Thus, from an animal and public health point of view, veterinarians should include leishmaniosis in the differential diagnosis of cats with skin lesions, ocular signs, cytopenia and hyperglobulinemia, especially after travel/importation from endemic areas.…”

Section: Feline Leishmaniosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A global perspective on non-autochthonous canine and feline Leishmania infection and leishmaniosis in the 21st century

Rocha¹,

Pereira

Maia³

2023

Acta Tropica

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“…On the other hand, it should not be overlooked that leishmaniosis also affects cats [24,60,189] and that this species is now also a part of Leishmania life cycle in endemic areas [23]. It is, therefore, worthwhile mentioning that, besides having shown clinical efficacy in dogs, the combined use of oral nucleotides and AHCC also appears to be efficient in feline leishmaniosis.…”

Section: Reported Effects Of Nucleotides and Ahccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis

Segarra

2021

Microorganisms

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Leishmaniasis is an emerging, uncontrolled, and neglected zoonotic disease. Climate change is contributing to its ongoing global expansion. The dog is the main reservoir; hence the importance of implementing effective treatment, prevention, and control measures in this animal species to protect public health. However, although the standard treatment for canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is effective, it does not provide full parasitological clearance, and side effects and drug resistance have been described. The host’s immune system plays a key role in the establishment and evolution of leishmaniasis. Dietary nucleotides modulate the immune response and, given their reported efficacy and safety in sick and clinically healthy Leishmania-infected dogs and because they represent a sustainable option with no associated side effects or resistance, they could be included within the prevention, treatment, and control strategies for leishmaniasis. This article briefly summarizes the scientific literature on CanL management, including unresolved issues, and reviews the scientific evidence on immunomodulatory effects of dietary nucleotides in different animal species. It also proposes a CanL management algorithm, including nucleotides. It is concluded that nutritional modulation of the immune response with nucleotides can contribute to better management of leishmaniasis following a One Health approach, especially in the COVID-19 era.

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Leishmania infection in cats and feline leishmaniosis: An updated review with a proposal of a diagnosis algorithm and prevention guidelines

Cited by 19 publications

References 170 publications

Retrospective Analysis of Leishmaniasis in Sicily (Italy) from 2013 to 2021: One-Health Impact and Future Control Strategies

Retrospective Analysis of Leishmaniasis in Sicily (Italy) from 2013 to 2021: One-Health Impact and Future Control Strategies

A global perspective on non-autochthonous canine and feline Leishmania infection and leishmaniosis in the 21st century

Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis

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