Leishmaniases in the European Union and Neighboring Countries

Berriatua, E.; Maia, Carla; Conceição, Cláudia; Özbel, Yusuf; Töz, Seray; Baneth, Gad; Pérez‐Cutillas, Pedro; Ortuño, María; Muñoz, Clara; Jumakanova, Zarima; Pereira, André; Rocha, Rafael; Monge‐Maíllo, Begoña; Gasimov, Elkhan; Stede, Yves Van der; Torres, Gregorio; Gossner, Céline M

doi:10.3201/eid2706.210239

Cited by 39 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The results confirm previous observations on the presence of Ph. neglectus in Northern Italy and suggest that Italy represents the western limit from Northern Italy to the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea [ 6 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ph. mascitti is a suspected vector of L. infantum [ 6 , 32 ]. However, its vector competence has still not been experimentally verified, although the repeated signals of leishmaniasis cases in Germany and Austria [ 33 , 34 ] may indicate the possible role of Ph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leishmania donovani s.s. was found only in Cyprus. Thus, L. infantum is the predominant species in Europe where there are several specific animal reservoirs, such as rodents, marsupials, edentates, monkeys, domestic dogs and wild canids [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Lombardy Region, Northern Italy

Defilippo

Carrera

Lelli

et al. 2022

Insects

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This study investigated the species composition and density of sand flies in the Lombardy region (Northern Italy). Sand flies were collected using CDC traps baited with CO2 (CO2–CDC traps) between June and August 2021. A total of 670 sand flies were collected. The specimens were identified as seven species belonging to two genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, namely, S. minuta, Ph. perniciosus, Ph. perfiliewii, Ph. neglectus, Ph. mascitti, Ph. papatasi, and Ph. ariasi. Phlebotomus perniciosus was the most abundant species (87.76%), followed by Ph. perfiliewii (7.31%), Ph. neglectus (3.13%), S. minuta (0.75%), Ph. mascitti (0.6%), Ph. papatasi (0.3%), and Ph. ariasi, for which only one specimen was identified. Among these identified species, five are considered vectors of Leishmania, which causes cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. As vector presence increases the risk of vector-borne leishmaniasis, these results suggest that Northern Italy could be a potential area of pathogen circulation over the next few years. These preliminary results suggest that the risk of borne leishmaniasis is high in this region of Northern Italy. Monitoring the distribution of sand fly species in areas suitable for their persistence is important for control programs aimed at reducing the risk of leishmaniasis infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Lombardy Region, Northern Italy

Defilippo

Carrera

Lelli

et al. 2022

Insects

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“…Human and canine leishmaniosis is endemic in the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, and sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world, but over the past few years, with climatic zone shifts induced by climate change, population instability, and globalization, the disease has been experiencing a clear geographical expansion [9,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]. Several cases have been reported in non-endemic areas [31,110,111] such as the UK [112,113], the United States [114,115], New Caledonia [116], Germany, and Poland [110].…”

Section: Prevention Control and Public Health Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the incidence of CanL is increasing in endemic countries such as Spain and France [117]. Thus, prevention and control measures following a multidisciplinary and integrated One Health approach are required in order to manage this and other parasitic zoonoses [103,106,108,117,118]. In November 2020, the World Health Assembly of the WHO endorsed a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030 with the objective of preventing, controlling, eliminating, and eradicating 20 diseases and disease groups, including leishmaniasis [119].…”

Section: Prevention Control and Public Health Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis

Segarra

2021

Microorganisms

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Leishmaniasis is an emerging, uncontrolled, and neglected zoonotic disease. Climate change is contributing to its ongoing global expansion. The dog is the main reservoir; hence the importance of implementing effective treatment, prevention, and control measures in this animal species to protect public health. However, although the standard treatment for canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is effective, it does not provide full parasitological clearance, and side effects and drug resistance have been described. The host’s immune system plays a key role in the establishment and evolution of leishmaniasis. Dietary nucleotides modulate the immune response and, given their reported efficacy and safety in sick and clinically healthy Leishmania-infected dogs and because they represent a sustainable option with no associated side effects or resistance, they could be included within the prevention, treatment, and control strategies for leishmaniasis. This article briefly summarizes the scientific literature on CanL management, including unresolved issues, and reviews the scientific evidence on immunomodulatory effects of dietary nucleotides in different animal species. It also proposes a CanL management algorithm, including nucleotides. It is concluded that nutritional modulation of the immune response with nucleotides can contribute to better management of leishmaniasis following a One Health approach, especially in the COVID-19 era.

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Is leishmaniasis the new emerging zoonosis in the world?

Montaner-Angoiti

Llobat

2023

Vet Res Commun

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Leishmaniases in the European Union and Neighboring Countries

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Lombardy Region, Northern Italy

Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Lombardy Region, Northern Italy

Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis

Is leishmaniasis the new emerging zoonosis in the world?

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